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Friday, August 31, 2012
Thursday, August 30, 2012
Organic Compound terms
Enzyme link for worksheet we did in class today:
http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html
Boseman clip on "molecules of life"
window panes for
Organic compounds:
1. Carbohydrate-
organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms whose primary job
is to provide a quick source of energy to the organisms that consume it.
2. Lipid- organic
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It has two main purposes in
organisms: provide storage for energy and build membranes ( thin covering
around all of your cells).
3. Protein- organic
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
atoms. The main jobs of proteins are: to build tissue in the body, to make up
hormones and to build enzymes.
4. Nucleic acids-
organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
phosphorous. The main job of these compounds is to carry our genetic code which
determines everything that is made in our bodies. Examples are DNA (
deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA ( ribonucleic acid)
5.Hormone- a chemical
signal (made out of proteins) that travels through our bloodstream and lets
other parts of our body know how to grow or what to make. (ex. progesterone- a
hormone that is active in pregnant women and helps to prepare the mom's body to
hold and care for a baby).
6. Enzyme- a type of
protein that is responsible for helping to speed up chemical reactions in our
body. In chemistry, or in reactions outside of our body, this is called a
catalyst.
7. monosaccharide- a
simple sugar (carbohydrate), this is a sugar composed of only one molecule-
glucose is a monsaccharide. (mono=one)
8. polysaccharide- a
type of sugar made up of a long chain of single sugars. (poly = many)
9. cellulose- a type
of sugar found only in plants, it helps to build outer coverings of vegetation
( the yellow shell of each little piece of corn is made of this). we can not
digest cellulose.
10. Starch- a complex
carbohydrate made up a really long chain of glucose molecules. This is the form
that plants store their sugar in.
11.Insulin- a hormone
made in the pancreas that helps break down sugar in the body.
12.Hemoglobin- a
protein that makes up your blood, it carries iron and oxygen ( you can normally
carry 4 molecules of oxygen on each cell).
13. Glycogen- the
stored form of glucose, it is stored in our liver.
14.monomer- a molecule
that exists by itself - only one molecule of something = glucose
15. polymer- a
molecule that exists as a long chain of monomers connected by bonds= starch
16. Organic compounds-
compounds that have the element carbon as the central/ essential connection.
17. atom- smallest unit
of an element.
18. nucleotide-
smallest functional unit (or piece) of a nucleic acid. It consists of a sugar,
a phosphate and a nitrogen base.
19. double helix- the
shape of a DNA molecule, it resembles a twisted ladder.
20. single helix- the
shape of a RNA molecule, it resembles half of a twisted ladder.
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