APES POLLUTION Assignment

APES

Here is the report you are assigned to read, it is 62 pages long. You need to read about two toxins a day- you'll be quizzed on each section.

You will then create a poster on your assigned pollutant that you will present to the class.
The poster must have diagrams, illustrations, data, causes, regional and global effects and remediation potential.

READ ABOUT Lead for Wednesday! If you take notes you can use them on the quiz. 

http://www.worstpolluted.org/files/FileUpload/files/2010/WWPP-Report-2010-Top-Six-Toxic-Threats-Web.pdf

The poster and test on this subject (Pollution) will be on December 11th.

Evolution window panes due Wednesday Nov. 20th. This is also for your project grade so fix any missed window panes by then!!!

window pane terms:

1. evolution- the concept that organisms change over time.

2.Abiogenesis- the concept that life arises from non-living organisms

3.Biogenesis- the concept that living things can only come from other living things.

4.biochemical evidence- using an organisms chemical make-up ( genetic code and proteins) to show how related they are to other organisms.

5.Vestigial organs- structures in our body that do not serve a purpose, remnants of our ancestors. ex. appendix and tailbone

6.acquired traits- traits that you obtain in your lifetime- these are not evolved traits- learning to play an instrument, or losing a limb.

7. natural selection- when organisms evolve as a result of who they chose to reproduce with, over time (millions of years) this results in a new species.

8. adaptive radiation (syn= divergent evolution) - When new species develop from one common ancestor as a result of some sort of isolation.

9.convergent evolution (ant= divergent evolution) - when organisms from different ancestors evolve to look similar because they are adapting to a similar habitat.

10.coevolution- when organisms evolve together, flowers and pollinators do this.

11.speciation - the process of developing into a new species

12.reproductive isolation- when two similar organisms cannot reproduce together due to physiological reasons or having different mating seasons

13. behavioral isolation - when two similar organisms don't reproduce together because of one having an inappropriate or different behavior.

14.Geographical isolation - when two similar organisms don't reproduce together because they are separated by some geological barrier.

15.disruptive selection (use the graph for your drawing)

16. stabilizing selection (use the graph for your drawing)

17. directional selection (use the graph for your drawing)

18.Gradualism- Evolution that occurs slowly over a long period of time.

19.Punctuated Equilibrium-Evolution that occurs rapidly due to some sort of natural disaster or other environmental reason

20.Vestigial structures- structures found in an organism that no longer serve a purpose. ( our appendix, our tail bone)

21.Homologous structures- characteristics which are shared by related species because they have been inherited in some way from a common ancestor. For example, the bones on the front fins of a whale are homologous to the bones in a human arm and both are homologous to the bones in a chimpanzee arm.

22.Analogous structures- characteristics are analogous (also called "convergent"), which means that they serve the same function in different species but they evolved independently rather than from the same embryological material or from the same structures in a common ancestor. An example of an analogous structure would be the wings on butterflies, bats, and birds

APES TED videos we watched and will watch this week- just in case you are out.

Here's the TED we watched yesterday:

http://www.ted.com/talks/david_mackay_a_reality_check_on_renewables.html


Here's the TED we watched Today:

http://www.ted.com/talks/donald_sadoway_the_missing_link_to_renewable_energy.html

Here's the TED we'll watch tomorrow:

http://www.ted.com/talks/amory_lovins_a_50_year_plan_for_energy.html

AP Environmental science class, here's what we did Friday 10-25-13

Quiz Monday on the Habitable Planet video clip of oceans:

http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=3&secNum=1

ocean currents handout: You'll have to get this from me on Monday.

article on ocean acidification and questions:

article
http://www.precaution.org/lib/06/ocean_acidification_from_c02_060301.pdf


Questions:

The Dangers of Ocean Acidification

1. Of what significance is the Mauna Loa weather station as it relates to global warming? What role do ice cores play in understanding CO2 concentrations on the earth? How do we know that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is attributable to the burning of fossil fuels?

2. What evidence do the authors present that ocean acidification is occurring?  Why should we care if the ocean becomes more acidic?  How will ocean acidification affect coral reefs?  If pteropod numbers crash in the Southern Ocean what will happen?

3. Is it possible that global warming and ocean acidification will benefit some organisms? What scientific evidence would suggest this point of view?

Need help with punnett's and heredity? Don't forget window panes are due on Tuesday the 29th!

Bozeman

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWqgZUnJdAY&safe=active

Kahn academy basics of heredity

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/heredity-and-genetics/v/introduction-to-heredity

Window pane terms for genetics due Tuesday 10-29-13

Window panes due next Tuesday 10-29-13 --THEY WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED LATE!

1.ALLELE- a segment of your DNA (or gene)that codes for a trait in your body. You have two alleles for every trait in your body (with one exception- naturally!).

2. Homozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when both parents give the same information (genes) for a trait. For example: both of your parents give you the gene for blonde hair, you have no other choice than to have blonde hair.

3. Heterozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when your parents give you two different genes for a trait. For example: Your Mom gives you the gene for brown hair and your dad gives you the gene for blonde hair- now your Genome has to decide which proteins to make- ones for brown hair OR ones for blonde hair- who will win? read on to find out!

4. Dominant traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles from a parent is stronger than the allele from the other parent so it's the one you use and, therefore,it's the trait that you have. Brown hair is dominant to blonde hair, therefore, you will have brown hair and you won't even know that you have a secret hidden gene from your other parent! (you can probably figure it out though- either by what your parents look like or what your kids look like) We only use one letter to represent a trait when we are trying to predict what traits a person will have, the Dominant trait determines what the letter will be and it (dominant one) will be uppercase- the recessive trait will use the same letter as the dominant trait, but we show that it is recessive by making it lower case!

5.Recessive traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles you get from a parent is weaker than another. You don't use this gene because you favor the stronger gene. In this way it is a hidden, secret gene, that you may never know you have. Even though you don't use this gene in your body, you do have the potential to give this "recessive" gene to your children and (depending on how the shuffling goes during meiosis) they could end up having that recessive trait. EVER see two brown headed people with a blonde baby- their baby- they both had a recessive allele for blonde hair!!!!!!

6. Co-dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong so they both show up!! This is how you get stripes and spots in fur- neat,hugh?

7. Incompletely dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong, so they duke it out and decide to compromise- they meet in the middle- you no longer see the original traits but a medium version of each trait- think Pink! As in: Red mixed with White makes PINK!

8. Genotype- this is how we refer to the "letters" or alleles you carry- you always have two- one from mom and one from dad. TT or Tt where "T" is tall (dominant) and "t" is short (recessive).

9. Phenotype- this his how we refer to the visible PHYSICAL features that result from your alleles - "Tall" or "Short". It's what we see and know you have with and/or without knowing what your DNA says.

10.Gregor Mendel- a Monk/ gardener that figured out "genetics" using pea plants. He just cross pollinated pea plants that had different colored flowers and figured out the whole dominant/ recessive trait thing. Genetics that deals with only dominant and recessive traits is even called "MENDELIAN GENETICS".

11. HYBRID- this is how we sometimes refer to the crossing (or breeding) of two different different organisms of the same species. YOU are a hybrid of your parents!!! when we are crossing to test one trait it's refered to as a monohybrid cross ( two traits would be a dihybrid cross)

12. Purebred- This is the same thing as being homozygous, ( you could be homozygous dominant TT or Homozygous recessive tt and still be considered "purebred")

13.X-linked or sex linked- This refers to traits found on the last pair of chromosomes ( the ones that determine whether you are a girl or a boy). Males only have to have one recessive allele for a trait to show up if it happens to fall in this area (most common x-linked traits are; colorblindness, hemophilia and balding)

14. carrier- This is how we refer to a person who is Heterozygous for a trait, they have a recessive allele for something that they will never get, but they can give that allele to their children who may possibly get the trait. ( Mom of cystic fibrosis child is not sick, but child is because she and her husband were carriers of the trait).

15. Pedigree- a chart that shows who of your ancestors carries a trait. circles are girls, squares are guys and shaded shapes have the trait being charted. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX56bRVBks0jhnCcpe51oCCa2pBgI__vKsQPDaYYojK67uG2Z0i3nDGCZmmFTzxWvsjGsDaNlxgmAzxiTnMEY291ydSlFu6kxOmjfps8wFhQXucVovWJrZN5KdZHf1RhHA0ujLXCrbpZgN/s1600/ftree.gif

16. Karyotype- a picture that shows paired chromosomes- can use it to determine the sex of a person or to check for Down's syndrome or any other trisomy ( 3 chromosomes instead of 2).

17.Intermediate inheritance- another term to describe a trait as being a result of co-dominant alleles or incompletey dominant alleles.

18. Polygenic- when more than one gene contributes to a trait- skin color is a result of the interaction between 7 different genes (which means 14 different alleles!), eye color is the result of 3 different genes.

19. Autosomal inheritance (or autosome)- when an allele is found on any of the 22 chromosomes that don't determine sex, so chromosomes 1 through 22 are autosomes. chromosome 23 is a sex chromosome.

20. Huntington's disease- is a disorder passed down through families in which nerve cells in certain parts of the brain waste away, or degenerate. It is an autosomal dominant disorder located on chromosome 4.

punnet square help:

http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punnett.html practice:http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html overview of genetics:http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&hl=en-GB&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GGLJ_en-GBUS290US290&q=punnet+square+introduction it's the first link- it's a ppt.

Bozeman history of DNA part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoERVSWKmGk&safe=active

Bozeman DNA part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4mYwsr9gGE&safe=active

animation of transcription
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf