Study guide three for Goal # 2 Learner will develop an understanding of the physical , chemical and cellular basis of life
Objective 2.01
Compare and contrast the functions of the following organic molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
1. Tell the function of each type of organic molecule.
2. Tell the chemical composition of each organic molecule ( what elements are in each one?).
3. What type of organic molecule is an enzyme?
4. How does an enzyme work as a catalyst in the body?
5. Give an example of a complex carbohydrate.
Goal 2.02 Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells including: cell organelles, cell specialization, communication among cells within an organism . Pages 174-181 in text book
1. What organelles are found in an animal cell and what are the functions of those organelles?
2. What organelle does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t have?
3. What’s different about the plant cell’s covering?
4. Practice being able to visually recognize all of the organelles in plant and animal cells.
5. The hierarchy of cell organization means that cells are arranged from smallest (one cell) to largest (organ systems, an example would be your digestive system). Describe to me a similar hierarchy where the largest member is your respiratory system.
6. Even though all cells contain the same basic organelles, they become specialized depending on what tissue or organ they make up, explain how they are different? What changes about them?
7. What is the function of hormones?
8. Why are receptor proteins important?
9. What is Activation Energy?
Goal 2.03 Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including: maintenance of homeostasis, movement of materials in and out of cells, energy use and release in biochemical reactions.
1. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. The food source most readily transformed into energy is glucose (sugar), the process of breaking down that glucose is called _______________________.
2. Our cells need energy to carry out all of their basic functions like making proteins and copying our genetic material or ______________.
3. The energy our cells need to carry out all basic activities at a cellular level is __________.
4. Glycolysis makes energy but it also takes energy, it takes 2 molecules of ___________ to start the reaction that makes 4 molecules of __________________. This gives us a net gain of 2 molecules of ___________.
5. Our cells’ membranes are semi-permeable, meaning they let some things in and keep others out, but how? How do they decide what comes in and what is kept out? Sometimes particles need help to get into the cell, like a chaperone, this type of transport is called __________________________. Sometimes the cell knows the particle pretty well and lets it in without a chaperone, this type of transport is called _______________________________.
Objective 2.05 Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: Aerobic respiration, Anaerobic respiration and photosynthesis.
1.When energy is released from food without the use of oxygen the process is called_______________________________.
2.When the process of glycolysis ( which is an aerobic process) continues by turning pyruvic acid into lactic acid it is called _________________________________________, this happens when your muscles use up all the available oxygen in your system but still need energy. This process allows the formation of ATP without oxygen being present. That means the process is _____________________________.
3.List the reactants and products of the following processes: photosynthesis, gylcolysis, Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. (Remember that both fermentation processes start with glycolysis and then continue along their fermentation path).
THE REACTANTS ARE EVERYTHING BEFORE THE ARROW > THE PRODUCTS ARE EVERYTHING AFTER THE ARROW
