Word list 5:
YOU won't have a quiz on these, but you must do all 15 terms!!!
They'll be due on THURSDAY (3-3-11) and you'll have class time tomorrow to get started on them.
1.Chloroplast- organelle found only in plant cells, it makes chemical energy (sugar/ glucose) using solar energy (sunlight) to combine water and carbon dioxide.
2.Mitochondrion (singular) - responsible for breaking down sugar (glucose from plants) into a more usable form (ATP) for our cells. Found in animal cells and plant cells. Cells that do more work have more mitochondria in their cells (muscle cells and sperm cells have the most!).
3.Centrioles- organelles found only in animal cells that are only active during cell division (mitosis) where their job is to make sure that duplicated DNA strands get pulled apart evenly.
4.Ribosomes- found in plant and animal cells, they are responsible for building proteins and enzymes in a cell by using instructions they receive from the DNA via an RNA strand.
5.Nucleus- the control center for the cell, it contains the DNA instructions used to make every part of your body, your DNA NEVER,NEVER, NEVER leaves the nucleus!!
6.Cell wall- found only in plants, it provides structure and support to plant cells.
7.Cell or plasma membrane- found in plant and animal cells, it controls the movement of all substances in and out of the cell. SUPER IMPORTANT!
8.Cytoplasm- gel-like substance that all of the organelles are suspended in, it provides a medium for nutrient exchange as well as a cushion for the organelles.
9. Active transport- transport of a substance across the cell membrane that requires energy!! When something moves from where there is less of a it t0 where there is more of it. This usually takes work. Imagine you are trying to push the last little bit of a sleeping bag into it's case.
10. diffusion or passive transport- transport of a substance across a cell membrane, this type does not require energy because the substance is usually small, like oxygen, and moving from where there is more of it to where there is less of it (with the concentration gradient). imagine a ball rolling drown a hill - from where it is highest to where it is lowest- no energy needed.
11. facilitated diffusion- this is a lot like passive transport in that it doesn't require energy. It does however require a door called a protein channel. this is because the substances are usually large, like a sugar molecule. These substances move with the concentration gradient (high to low) as well.
12. Osmosis (or diffusion of water)- is the movement of water (only water) across a cell membrane- this works with the concentration gradient as well, moving from where there is more water to where there is less. It does not require energy! ** note- water usually follows salt! If you've ever eaten too much salty popcorn at the movies you may have noticed that your hands get puffy. Your cells are soaking up fluids to balance out the salt in your cells. this is an example of how your body carries out homeostasis!
13. Fluid mosaic model- this refers to the way your cell membrane is made, it is made up of two floating layers composed of proteins and lipids. the membrane is constantly moving which allows substances to glide through it. the lipid layers insure that the water level in your cells is controlled- the inside lipid (fat)Layer holds the water in, the outside lipid (fat) layer keeps water out. the protein channels are like tunnels that take substances from one side of the cell all the way across both layers to the other side of the cell.
14. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad.
15. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)
transport across a cell membrane interactiveGo here to see how cell transport works and get some visuals for your window pane terms!http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm
check out a blood cell in various solutionsClick on the link below to see how your red blood cells respond to hyper-, hypo-, and isotonic solutions:scroll down to Biology 12 and then click on the rectangle that says "red blood cells" in it(while you are there check out all of the other types of transport as well!)http://www.coolschool.ca/content/showcase.php?type=science
