Thank you for my gifts!

I want to thank all of my students that gave me warm holiday wishes as well as those that delivered those wishes with gifts. I hope you all have a wonderful Holiday and that Santa leaves something very special for each and EVERY one of you!

 We'll have a tough week when school starts back but I promise to make the most of the time we have left together.

Fourth Block- you need to finish up "Hot Zone" by the friday we return from break- that's Jan. 6th,  define 20 terms from part 3 and 20 terms from part 4. I'll do another writing prompt for you, I think that worked out well this last time.

Everyone else- go to the link I gave you for extra credit- read the material- your EOC's start on 1-12-12!!
Also do the regent's test prep site-it's terrific and will help you a lot.

EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY

DON"T DO DOCUMENTARIES!
DO THIS INSTEAD

Use this site to help review some content over the holiday.

http://www.dummies.com/how-to/education-languages/science/Biology/Biology-Basics.html

Going through these links could earn you extra credit!!!! (I've abbreviated them, but I think you can figure it out!)

 TAKE SOME NOTES ON WHAT YOU FEEL IS IMPORTANT, BRING THEM IN THE DAY WE RETURN FROM BREAK!


YOU CAN EARN UP TO 20 POINTS (HONORS STUDENTS) OR A REPLACEMENT GRADE (THAT MEANS UP TO 100 POINTS) FOR REGULAR STUDENTS!!!


These are the most important links on the site:
understanding cells...

cell transport...

cell mitochondria...

decipher the meaning of molecules..

role of cellulose...

protein function...

truth about fats and lipids...

Blood group antigens...

biology prefixes...

structure of animal cells...

fluid mosaic model of cell plasma membrane...

carbs...

proteins...

nucleic acids...



WAR EAGLE

While you were out:

Those of you that missed 4th block friday now have the dubious pleasure of watching NOVA all on your own and completing the following worksheet questions;

http://video.pbs.org/video/980049632/



Xenophobia is a dislike and/or fear of that which is unknown or different from oneself.

biophilia [ˌbaɪəʊˈfɪlɪə] n (Psychology) an innate love for the natural world, supposed to be felt universally by humankind.
answer these questions:

1. Where did E.O. Wilson grow up?

2. What led him to study small insects and not something else?

3. Why did he choose to study ants in particular?

4. What invasive species did he discover in Alabama at the age of 13?
5. How many species of the ant Genus “ Pheidole” did Wilson discover?

6. In the 50”s Wilson got a new boss, who was he and what was he famous for?
7. How do the ants communicate with each other?

8. What is “ Sociobiology”?
9. What is a biodiversity “hot spot”?

10. 50% of all species living on the Earth live on what percentage of the Earth?
11. What is the difference between Haiti and the Dominican Republic?

EOC REVIEW sites

review sites for eoc



go here to review anything!


http://regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/biology.cfm

released biology EOC.


http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/docs/accountability/testing/releasedforms/biologyreleased.pdf

Evolution material and links and white sheet schedule

evolution game:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/evolution-action.html

Evolution videos we watched in class that you may have missed, answers to page one of your study guide where from these videos: we skipped videos 5 and 7
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html


FLU VIDEOS " IRAQUBACTER"
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/killer-microbe.html

Evolution in action; the salamander
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/evolution-action-salamanders.html




FIRST INDIVIDUAL WHITE SHEET TEST IS TOMORROW ON ONLY 4 BLOCKS (3 TOPICS)  HEREDITY, ECOLOGY AND DNA/RNA :)

NEXT TUESDAY 12/13  GROUP WHITE SHEET QUIZ ON ALL 8 SECTIONS
NEXT THURSDAY 12/15 GROUP WHITE SHEET TEST ON ALL 8 SECTIONS
MONDAY 12/19 INDIVIDUAL WHITE SHEET TEST ON ALL 8 SECTIONS

HONORS:  HOT ZONE- HAVE PART 2 READ BY FRIDAY- THIS TIME,  I WANT YOU TO LOOK UP ANY TERMS YOU ARE UNSURE OF AND DEFINE THEM- AT LEAST 30- YOU WILL HAND THEM IN ON FRIDAY AND THEN HAVE A WRITING PROMPT THAT ADDRESSES THE SECTION YOU READ.


IF YOU READ THE BOOK, YOU WILL BE FINE- I THINK THIS MAY BE A BETTER WAY TO ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED.


AGAIN- WHEN YOU ARE READING, FOCUS ON THE SCIENCE ASPECTS AS FAR AS WHAT I MAY ASK YOU TO WRITE ABOUT, HOWEVER,  YOU SHOULD DEFINE  ANY TERMS THAT YOU JUST AREN'T SURE OF LIKE "PRIMITIVE", "OPTIMUM", "ADJACENT" OR "ANCIENT"

pictures for poster on classification

your poster will contain information on all of the 6 kingdoms as well as many of the phyla under each kingdom. Pictures of the following organisms will be helpful, remember you want smallish pictures because you have a lot to fit on your poster :)

ALSO- your poster is your guide map through your test, the more complete your poster is in terms of information, the better you'll do on your test- your team may use the poster at their table, however, you will not be able to help each other- different tests for each of you and NO TALKING.


Animals:  worm, sponges, jellyfish (aka Cnidaria), molluscs ( clams, etc), arthropods, insects, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles mammals.
Plants: moss, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms
Fungi: mushrooms
protist: single celled eukaryotic organisms like- amoebas, parmecium, euglena and diatoms
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/crime-scene-creatures/video-diatom-detective/5208/

archaea- extremophiles - single celled prokaryotic organims that live in "extreme" environments

more info on extremophiles
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/lives-of-extremophiles.html

Eubacteria- monera- singled celled prokaryotic organisms that live IN and around you - staph, strep..

Extra credit info (AGAIN)

Extra Credit guidelines
Here's what you do:Watch a documentary that is "life science" based.
While physics, astronomy and chemistry are useful and interesting, they won't help you in my class.
Examples of good programs are things you might find on National geographic, pbs, bbc, animal planet, planet green and the science channel.

Many of these programs can be watched on your computer at your leisure.

You can complete four per each 6 week grading period.

You are basically summarizing what you watched.

GO here to watch online ( Nova and Nature are best!)
http://video.pbs.org/
INCLUDE your name, the documentary title, the length of the documentary.

2hours on tv =50-60 min. on computer= 10pts
1 hour on tv = 25-30 min on computer = 5pts.

you can earn up to 40 points per 6 weeks!


Write a few sentences during commercials, or every 10 minutes if it's online, to describe what's happening in the documentary.

At the end let me know the overall purpose or intent of the documentary and what you got out of it. It's meant to be a reflection on what you just watched. (just a few sentences will do!)

TRY TO CHOOSE THINGS THAT WILL HELP YOU IN MY CLASS!
Topics we'll be covering in class: the cell, genetics, heredity, ecology, organic compounds, health and disease, classification of living organism, protein synthesis, plant structure and reproduction.
MAN VS. WILD is acceptable once every 6 weeks grading period.

NOT MYTHBUSTERS

HOT ZONE!

By December 2nd, you should be through part one of the Hot Zone- that means you have read pages 1 -153.

Ebola Virus

You will be tested on each section of the book (there are four)- the test questions will focus on the biology aspects of the study guide. Questions that are plot oriented or relationship oriented will not be asked

Here is a link to the guided questions that go with the first section:
http://richardpreston.net/guide/hz/pdf/thzsg1.pdf

Here is a link to the guided questions that go with the second section:
http://richardpreston.net/guide/hz/pdf/thzsg2.pdf

Here is a link to the guided questions that go with the third section:

http://richardpreston.net/guide/hz/pdf/thzsg3.pdf

Here is a link to the guided questions that go with the fouth section:
http://richardpreston.net/guide/hz/pdf/thzsg4.pdf

Blood type info! look it over.

HOW'D YOU GET THAT BLOOD??
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/blood/

HONOR'S KIDS- RE- WRITTEN CHILDREN'S BOOKS ARE DUE MONDAY- USE YOUR TIME WISELY THIS WEEKEND!!!!

I WILL TUTOR FOR OLD TESTS ON MONDAY AND TUESDAY!!!


RE-TAKES FOR THE FOLLOWING TESTS NEED TO BE DONE BY THE END OF NEXT WEEK:
                   1.BIOENERGETICS -AKA PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND  FERMENTATIONS
                   2.DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Heredity interactives and games to help you understand how it all works!

http://nature.ca/genome/04/041/041_e.cfm

Heredity word list- due Wednesday 11-9-11

1.Zygote- the diploid cell formed by fertilization of an egg cell- it's basically the first cell of a person, the egg and sperm DNA unite to get back to that 46 chromosome number, the zygote replicates (mitosis) and becomes YOU! YOU with half of your DNA from Mom and half from dad- two bits of info. for nearly every trait in your body. 2.ALLELE- a segment of your DNA (or gene)that codes for a trait in your body. You have two alleles for every trait in your body (with one exception- naturally!). 3. Homozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when both parents give the same information (genes) for a trait. For example: both of your parents give you the gene for blonde hair, you have no other choice than to have blonde hair. 4. Heterozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when your parents give you two different genes for a trait. For example: Your Mom gives you the gene for brown hair and your dad gives you the gene for blonde hair- now your Genome has to decide which proteins to make- ones for brown hair OR ones for blonde hair- who will win? read on to find out! 5. Dominant traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles from a parent is stronger than the allele from the other parent so it's the one you use and, therefore,it's the trait that you have. Brown hair is dominant to blonde hair, therefore, you will have brown hair and you won't even know that you have a secret hidden gene from your other parent! (you can probably figure it out though- either by what your parents look like or what your kids look like) We only use one letter to represent a trait when we are trying to predict what traits a person will have, the Dominant trait determines what the letter will be and it (dominant one) will be uppercase- the recessive trait will use the same letter as the dominant trait, but we show that it is recessive by making it lower case! 6.Recessive traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles you get from a parent is weaker than another. You don't use this gene because you favor the stronger gene. In this way it is a hidden, secret gene, that you may never know you have. Even though you don't use this gene in your body, you do have the potential to give this "recessive" gene to your children and (depending on how the shuffling goes during meiosis) they could end up having that recessive trait. EVER see two brown headed people with a blonde baby- their baby- they both had a recessive allele for blonde hair!!!!!! 7. Co-dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong so they both show up!! This is how you get stripes and spots in fur- neat,hugh? 8. Incompletely dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong, so they duke it out and decide to compromise- they meet in the middle- you no longer see the original traits but a medium version of each trait- think Pink! As in: Red mixed with White makes PINK! 9. Genotype- this is how we refer to the "letters" or alleles you carry- you always have two- one from mom and one from dad. TT or Tt where "T" is tall (dominant) and "t" is short (recessive). 10. Phenotype- this his how we refer to the visible PHYSICAL features that result from your alleles - "Tall" or "Short". It's what we see and know you have with and/or without knowing what your DNA says. 11.Gregor Mendel- a Monk/ gardener that figured out "genetics" using pea plants. He just cross pollinated pea plants that had different colored flowers and figured out the whole dominant/ recessive trait thing. Genetics that deals with only dominant and recessive traits is even called "MENDELIAN GENETICS". 12. HYBRID- this is how we sometimes refer to the crossing (or breeding) of two different different organisms of the same species. YOU are a hybrid of your parents!!! when we are crossing to test one trait it's refered to as a monohybrid cross ( two traits would be a dihybrid cross) 13.Punnett square - you may have used this tool in Math class- it's how we set up a cross between two different individuals to get the probability of a given trait(s) appearing in their offspring. We use the letters that represent the trait to complete the punnett. go here to see how this is done!!!!!! DON'T look at dihybrid stuff- too confusing for you now. http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punnett.html practice: http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html overview of genetics: http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&hl=en-GB&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GGLJ_en-GBUS290US290&q=punnet+square+introduction it's the first link- it's a ppt.

How to make a protein- paragraph

In order to make a protein you first have to have a template for the protein you want to make. DNA is the template, it is made up of Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine and is in the shape of a double helix, it is only found in the nucleus of a cell. When a protein is needed mRNA gets a signal to transcribe the DNA message for that protein. It does this by opening up the DNA and putting it into mRNA letters, mRNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine in its code. mRNA then leaves the nucleus, it enters the cytoplasm and finds a ribosome. The ribosome is made of rRNA and is capable of reading the mRNA. It reads the mRNA in a sequence of 3 nitrogen bases (codons) at a time. each codon represents an amino acid. The tRNA gets the signal from the ribosome to go pick up the proper amino acid that was coded for by the mRNA, it brings the amino acid back to the ribosome and places it where it belongs by using the anti-codon. The amino acid is then bonded (peptide bond) with the other amino acids to create a specific protein!!! (.." the code gets translated, acids are created, then proteins are made-hip,hip, hurray!!!!

Good LUCK!!

GET more help online by practicing!  http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/

links for DNA and proteins synthesis tutorials

DNA replication
http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html


proteins synthesis (RNA and transcription/ translation tutorial)
http://www.johnkyrk.com/er.html


BIG PICTURE STUFF: DNA and heredity
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/

DNA and RNA word list due Wednesday 10/26/11

WORD LIST- for DNA


1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine .

Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases: A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL)

2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.

3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.

4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.

5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait.

7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.

8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome.

9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.

10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.

11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a  mRNA codon  strand into an amino acid strand.

12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.

13. Polypeptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein.

14. Hydrogen bond- weak bond that holds nitrogen bases (A with T or C with G) together.
 
15. Anti-codon- located at the bottom of the tRNA , it has the opposite nitrogen bases of the codon and its purpose is to make sure that the amino acids are returned to the proper place on the mRNA strand being translated at the ribosome!

energy reactions re-teach information

I absolutely love this web page- read it all , click on everything, submerge yourself in the energy cycle we are all swimming through- at least until that lactic acid makes us sink!!!!

http://www.ftexploring.com/me/photosyn1.html

here's more:
Bioenergetic reactions help


Here's an overview of photosynthesis:

click on the "illuminating photosynthesis" link and then go through all 3 tabs at the top.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html

then go here for a start to finish explanation of how this all works:



http://science-class.net/PowerPoints/PandR_files/frame.htm





some stuff on cellular respiration:



http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab5/process.html



I hope this helps.

Your foldable will be your best friend on this stuff!!

review sites for eoc

go here to review anything!
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/biology.cfm

released biology EOC.
http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/docs/accountability/testing/releasedforms/biologyreleased.pdf

great site with interactive for photosynthesis

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://intranet.stthomasmore.org.uk/UserFiles/File/Subjects/Biology/BiologyRevisionB4/img/leaf.gif&imgrefurl=http://intranet.stthomasmore.org.uk/UserFiles/File/Subjects/Biology/BiologyRevisionB4/B4a%2520Who%2520planted%2520that%2520there.html&usg=___bu_MTjsiLvUcVSikA19KNueApI=&h=237&w=350&sz=25&hl=en&start=27&zoom=1&tbnid=HgaiwgtBttQAUM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=120&ei=T4KdTrK3FMyNsALyucSDCg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dchloroplast%2Binternal%2Bstructure%2Bimages%26start%3D21%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4ADSA_enUS450US451%26tbm%3Disch%26prmd%3Divns&itbs=1

Window pane terms for this week- due thursday10-20-11

1. ATP- Adenosine triphosphate- this is your cell's basic unit of chemical energy made from breaking down a glucose molecule.


2. Lysis- to split something open-  in biology it is usually water breaking things down.

3.synthesis- " to make" something, you are building something, usually a compound in your body.

4.Activation energy- least amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction ( happens at the arrow in an equation, it's 2 ATP for Cellular respiration).

5.aerobic-  a reaction that is using oxygen.

6. anaerobic- a reaction that  is not using oxygen.

7. fermentation- a type of bioenergetic reaction that occurs in plants and animals when oxygen is not available- a back-up energy process, there are two types you need to know; lactic acid fermentation (animals and certain bacteria) and alcohol fermentation ( plants and certain bacteria).

8.Respiration- the process of taking in essential materials for life and releasing waste products.

9.photosynthesis- the process of taking in solar energy and converting it to chemical energy.

10. metabolism- an organisms ability to use and transform matter to run life processes.

Children's book assignment

Refer to your rubric for specifics and follow this general information:
1.There should be a main character &/or narrator or multiple characters in the book to tell the story.
2.The content should be related to a topic we have already covered.

3.It should have a Total of 14 pages which includes your front and back cover.


Front cover:

Title
picture (middle)
Author ( bottom right)



back cover:
class period, name, topic

due: October 28th 2011
The book should be entertaining!!

Bioenergetic reactions starts Monday!

Bioenergetic reactions= break the words down!= chemical reactions that produce energy and occur inside of living things.

This interactive takes a fun look at photosynthesis!
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/photosynthesis.html

We will also cover aerobic ( with oxygen) respiration and anaerobic respiration ( with out oxygen). alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation are two types of anaerobic respiration.


This is how sugar (glucose) gets turned into ATP inside your cells:




If you add them up, you'll see that 38 ATP are actually made, but two are used in the process so we say that a net total of 36 ATP are produced!


Image came from:
staff.jccc.net/pdecell/cellresp/respoverview.html

Things we need for hot cocoa fridays!!!

OK everyone, time to start one of my favorite fall traditions! There's a nip in the air (at least in the morning!) which means it's time for Hot Cocoa Fridays!

This means I need some help stocking up on supplies :)

1. We will need cups for hot substances- the paper kind- No STYROFOAM PLEASE BECAUSE IT'S REALLY, REALLY BAD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT.

2. mini-marshmallows

3. OUR CLASSROOM COULD ALSO BENEFIT FROM SOME SMALL PENCIL SHARPENERS FOR WHEN WE USE THE COLORED PENCILS OR HAVE TO USE A SCANTRON.

It's been a good 6 weeks, the next 6 will be harder but we'll make the best of it!

Enjoy your weekend; go play in some leaves and enjoy all of the wonderful Abiotic and Biotic factors around you!

POSTER TOPICS FOR MONDAY

heres' the topic list and the groups assigned to each topic per class:

cell transport (all types of passive; diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport and then active)
1st block = group 1
3rd block =group 9
4th block= group 5


Human Impact ( climate change, deforestation, acid rain, cfc's and Ozone layer)

1st block=group 2
3rd block- group 5
4th block= group 1

Lipid ( pix of examples, structure, function)

1st block=group 3
3rd block= group 7
4th block=group 10


Meiosis ( PMAT X 2, crossing over, daughter cells, sex cells...)
1st block=group 4
3rd block= group 8
4th block= group 8

Mitosis (pix of pmat, result, synonyms)
1st block= group 5
3rd block- group 4
4th block= group 2

Proteins (pix of examples, structure, function,etc)
1st block=group 6
3rd block - group 1
4th block= group 6

nucleic acids (pix of examples, structure, function,etc)
1st block= group 7
3rd block - group 3
4th block= group 7

carbohydrates ( (pix of examples, structure, function,etc)
4th block =group 9

plant cell (big representation and description of the most important organelles; chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, vacuole, ribosomes and cell wall)
1st block= group 8
3rd block - group 6
4th block = group 3

animal cell (big representation and description of the most important organelles;mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, centrioles, ribosomes)
1st block = group 9
Ecology- cycles, pyramids, symbiotic relationships
3rd block- group 2
4th block= group 4

This week 9-26 thru 9-30 and then some!

Monday through Wednesday we will be focusing on the cell cycle,  which will include mitosis  (asexual reproducation) and meiosis (sexual reproduction). You will have a quiz on these concepts on Wednesday.

Check out this tutorial if you feel lost in some way!
http://www.khanacademy.org/video/mitosis--meiosis-and-sexual-reproduction?playlist=Biology

helpful interactives on mitosis and meiosis:
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

http://www.cellsalive.com/meiosis.htm

 Thursday we will start organic compounds. Your next list of window pane terms are listed below, however they will not be due until next Tuesday (10-4)since they are all on organic compounds!

Your benchmark will be next Friday 10-7 and YES it counts!!

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WORD LIST!

(due on 10-4-11)

window panes for Organic compounds:
1. Carbohydrate- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms whose primary job is to provide a quick source of energy to the organisms that consume it.
2. Lipid- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It has two main purposes in organisms: provide storage for energy and build membranes ( thin covering around all of your cells).
3. Protein- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur atoms. The main jobs of proteins are: to build tissue in the body, to make up hormones and to build enzymes.
4. Nucleic acids- organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. The main job of these compounds is to carry our genetic code which determines everything that is made in our bodies. Examples are DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA ( ribonucleic acid)
5.Hormone- a chemical signal (made out of proteins) that travels through our bloodstream and lets other parts of our body know how to grow or what to make. (ex. progesterone- a hormone that is active in pregnant women and helps to prepare the mom's body to hold and care for a baby).
6. Enzyme- a type of protein that is responsible for helping to speed up chemical reactions in our body. In chemistry, or in reactions outside of our body, this is called a catalyst.
7. monosaccharide- a simple sugar (carbohydrate), this is a sugar composed of only one molecule- glucose is a monsaccharide. (mono=one)
8. polysaccharide- a type of sugar made up of a long chain of single sugars. (poly = many)
9. cellulose- a type of sugar found only in plants, it helps to build outer coverings of vegetation ( the yellow shell of each little piece of corn is made of this). we can not digest cellulose.
10. Starch- a complex carbohydrate made up a really long chain of glucose molecules. This is the form that plants store their sugar in.
11.Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that helps break down sugar in the body.
12.Hemoglobin- a protein that makes up your blood, it carries iron and oxygen ( you can normally carry 4 molecules of oxygen on each cell).
13. Glycogen- the stored form of glucose, it is stored in our liver.
14.monomer- a molecule that exists by itself - only one molecule of something = glucose
15. polymer- a molecule that exists as a long chain of monomers connected by bonds= starch
16. Organic compounds- compounds that have the element carbon as the central/ essential connection.
17. atom- smallest unit of an element.
18. nucleotide- smalles functional unit (or piece) of a nucleic acid. It consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base.
19. double helix- the shape of a DNA molecule, it resembles a twisted ladder.
20. single helix- the shape of a RNA molecule, it resembles half of a twisted ladder

HONORS class SAS due Friday 9-23-11

sas site:
http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/portal/

login is stil  spoint
QL# is 49 it's about cell size.
if you've lost your handout you can print it out from the sas site, it's under the respond section.
GOOD LUCK!

Window pane terms on Cells

1.Chloroplast- organelle found only in plant cells, it makes chemical energy (sugar/ glucose) using solar energy (sunlight) to combine water and carbon dioxide.



2.Mitochondrion (singular) - responsible for breaking down sugar (glucose from plants) into a more usable form (ATP) for our cells. Found in animal cells and plant cells. Cells that do more work have more mitochondria in their cells (muscle cells and sperm cells have the most!).



3.Centrioles- organelles found only in animal cells that are only active during cell division (mitosis) where their job is to make sure that duplicated DNA strands get pulled apart evenly.



4.Ribosomes- found in plant and animal cells, they are responsible for building proteins and enzymes in a cell by using instructions they receive from the DNA via an RNA strand.



5.Nucleus- the control center for the cell, it contains the DNA instructions used to make every part of your body, your DNA NEVER,NEVER, NEVER leaves the nucleus!!



6.Cell wall- found only in plants, it provides structure and support to plant cells.



7.Cell or plasma membrane- found in plant and animal cells, it controls the movement of all substances in and out of the cell. SUPER IMPORTANT!



8.Cytoplasm- gel-like substance that all of the organelles are suspended in, it provides a medium for nutrient exchange as well as a cushion for the organelles.



9. Active transport- transport of a substance across the cell membrane that requires energy!! When something moves from where there is less of a it t0 where there is more of it. This usually takes work. Imagine you are trying to push the last little bit of a sleeping bag into it's case.



10. diffusion or passive transport- transport of a substance across a cell membrane, this type does not require energy because the substance is usually small, like oxygen, and moving from where there is more of it to where there is less of it (with the concentration gradient). imagine a ball rolling drown a hill - from where it is highest to where it is lowest- no energy needed.



11. facilitated diffusion- this is a lot like passive transport in that it doesn't require energy. It does however require a door called a protein channel. this is because the substances are usually large, like a sugar molecule. These substances move with the concentration gradient (high to low) as well.



12. Osmosis (or diffusion of water)- is the movement of water (only water) across a cell membrane- this works with the concentration gradient as well, moving from where there is more water to where there is less. It does not require energy! ** note- water usually follows salt! If you've ever eaten too much salty popcorn at the movies you may have noticed that your hands get puffy. Your cells are soaking up fluids to balance out the salt in your cells. this is an example of how your body carries out homeostasis!



13. Fluid mosaic model- this refers to the way your cell membrane is made, it is made up of two floating layers composed of proteins and lipids. the membrane is constantly moving which allows substances to glide through it. the lipid layers insure that the water level in your cells is controlled- the inside lipid (fat)Layer holds the water in, the outside lipid (fat) layer keeps water out. the protein channels are like tunnels that take substances from one side of the cell all the way across both layers to the other side of the cell.



14. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad.



15. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)

transport across a cell membrane interactive
Go here to see how cell transport works and get some visuals for your window pane terms!

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm


check out a blood cell in various solutionsClick on the link below to see how your red blood cells respond to hyper-, hypo-, and isotonic solutions:scroll down to Biology 12 and then click on the rectangle that says "red blood cells" in it(while you are there check out all of the other types of transport as well!)   http://www.coolschool.ca/content/showcase.php?type=science

EXTRA credit anyone?

NEED SOME EXTRA POINTS?


Extra Credit guidelines

Here's what you do:Watch a documentary that is "life science" based.

While physics, astronomy and chemistry are useful and interesting, they won't help you in my class.

Examples of good programs are things you might find on National geographic, pbs, bbc, animal planet, planet green and the science channel.

Many of these programs can be watched on your computer at your leisure.

You can complete four per each 6 week grading period.

You are basically summarizing what you watched.

Write a sentence or two during commercials, or every 10 minutes if it's online, to describe what's happening in the documentary.

At the end let me know the overall purpose or intent of the documentary and what you got out of it. It's meant to be a reflection on what you just watched.

TRY TO CHOOSE THINGS THAT WILL HELP YOU IN MY CLASS!

Topics we'll be covering in class: the cell, genetics, heredity, ecology, organic compounds, health and disease, classification of living organism, protein synthesis, plant structure and reproduction.

MAN VS. WILD is acceptable once every 6 weeks grading period.

(NOT MYTHBUSTERS

Second set of window panes due 9-9-11

Here is your second set of window panes- I'm going to try to get your notebooks back to you on Tuesday, the terms won't be due until Friday September 9th { my b-day! :) }

If you feel like doing them this weekend, your are welcome to complete them on index cards! 
Enjoy your Monday off.

1.Logistic growth- when a population of organisms grows at a steady pace until it reaches its carrying capacity, then it levels off. (graph with an s-curve)

2.Exponential growth- when a population of organisms grows very rapidly because it has unlimited resources ( graph with a j-curve)

3.Stewardship- when people take responsibility for their environment and do things to minimize the negative impact humans have on the environment- like a protector for the environment.

4.Sustainable practices- using energy sources that are renewable and that don’t harm the environment. (wind power, hydroelectric power and solar power are examples of sustainable practices).

5.Invasive species-
http://www.ouramazingplanet.com/alien-invaders-destructive-invasive-species-0299/
organisms that currently live in an area they are not naturally found, they do not have any natural predators and can grow out of control- they usually take over the habitat of another organism that is normally found in the area. (examples are: fire ants, kudzu, rabbits in Australia, the cane toad, northern snakehead)- they are a bad thing!

6.Bioaccumulation- a build up of toxins in the tissue of an organism from exposure to the toxin in their environment and the food they eat ( top predators are most affected).

7.Acid rain=
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_students/whatisacid.html
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix together to turn rain acidic- tree tops in the mountains look as if they have been burned, stone buildings begin to crumble and erode more quickly.

8.Greenhouse effect- when Ultraviolet (UV) rays enter the Earth’s atmosphere, some rays stay and some will bounce back out. This allows our planet to have a relatively stable temperature- it minimizes huge temperature shifts, this allows plants and animals to adapt more successfully to their environment.

9.Climate change- when the patterns of temperature and weather change over a large area due to “global warming” which is contributed to a build up of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse” gases in our atmosphere- this makes it hard for the UV radiation to bounce out!

10.Deforestation- when a large wooded area is cleared, either by “clear cutting” or burning, this results in greater amounts of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere and less habitat for organisms.

Wierd science

Hey guys, I thought this was neat and wanted to share it with you:

http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/09/australian-frogs-do-the-dew.html?ref=hp

 

Fall 2011 Welcome to My Biology Class

New Semester, New students
WELCOME!

HONORS:Here are some links you will need to refer to this semester:
Sas in schools link: http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/
LOGIN: spoint (put in top right box)
then Just put the assignment # in the quick launch box (Green Go next to it)

NPR link: http://www.sciencefriday.com/

HONORS:First SAS assignment due on 9-2-2011, It's a virtual lab on the carbon cycle, the QL# is 952. put the # in the QL# box and click go. First watch the video, then press start, read the instructions ( all of them, you'll have to scroll down) then close the instruction box.
The instructions will take you through the process step -by-step, just read them, answer the questions and complete your data entries. REMEMBER TO SAVE YOUR WORK! IT WILL DISAPPEAR WHEN YOU CLOSE OUT OF SAS!!!

ALL STUDENTS:
Directions for WINDOW PANES: Divide an index card into quarters. ( we will use a modified "notebook" this semester) In the top left square Write the term. In the top right square give a synonym (example) or antonym for the term. (remember it doesn't have to be a literal synonym! )
For the word OBSERVATION a synonym could be smelling since using any of our senses is a way to make an observation in science.
In the bottom left square describe the term using your own words.
In the bottom right square give an illustration of the term or synonym (NOT the Antonym)
An example would be drawing a ruler or calculator for the term "data". If you are not comfortable with drawing, you can create a multiple choice question for the term. Extra creative cards = extra credit!
Window pane terms , set 1, DUE: 9-1-11
1. Photosynthesis- the process of making food (glucose) using sunlight.
2. Autotrophs- organisms that make their own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
3. Heterotrophs- organisms that have to consume other organisms to obtain the energy they need to survive.
4. Consumers- organisms that have to eat other organisms
5. Producers- organisms that make food for other organisms
6. Individual- one member (organism) of a particular species.
7. Population- all of the members of a particular species
8. Community- all of the different types of living organisms in a given area
9. Ecosystem- all of the living and non-living things in a given area
10. Omnivore- organism that eats plants and animals for its energy needs
11. Herbivore- organism that only eats plants for its energy needs
12. Carnivore-organism that only eats animals for its energy needs
13. Detritivore- organism that eats dead things for its energy needs
14. Decomposer- organism that breaks organic matter down into its basic elements.
15. Biomass- the weight of organic matter in a given area.
16. Abiotic factors- non-living things that exist and play a role in an organism's environment.
17. Biotic factors- living things in the environment
18. Symbiosis- a close relationship between two organisms
19. Limiting factors- anything that contributes to the survival and reproduction of an organism, therefore if there is not enough of it, the population will decrease. (water, food, habitat are examples)
20. Carrying capacity- the maximum amount of organisms that can live in an area. (note: this is usually determined by the limiting factors in an environment)

4th block biology EOC results

GREAT JOB!

15 OF 21 GOT A LEVEL 4!

MEGAN GOT A 100!!!

KS=98,
WN=97,
EW=96.
SL AND JL=95,
JB,JB AND MW=94,
ML.HP. AND ST =93,
JD. AND AV=92,
HL=91,
JW=90

you guys have a great summer!!!

2nd block honor's biology results

Hey you guys, well, I was more than pleasantly surprised by your results. Give yourselves a nice pat on the back and go get some ice cream!

EVERYONE PASSED WITH AT LEAST A LEVEL 3!!

WHAT COULD BE BETTER THAN THAT YOU ASK?
21 OF 26 STUDENTS GOT A LEVEL 4!!!
class average was a 92!

MK GOT HIGH SCORE OF 99

I WAS GOING TO POST ALL OF THE 4'S BUT SINCE ONLY A FEW PEOPLE DIDN'T GET 4'S I'M NOT GOING TO POST IT- I DON'T WANT ANYONE TO FEEL BAD, ESPECIALLY BECAUSE I'M SO PROUD OF ALL OF YOU!!!! keep in mind that different versions of the test put focus on different topics so some versions could seem more difficult depending on what i focus my review on!!! THere was only one C, so everyone did well!!!!!

RELEASED EOC TESTS for all subjects!!!!

Go here (scroll to bottom) to find your subjects to review the released tests!

http://www.ncpublicschools.org/accountability/testing/releasedforms

GO here for to do the regents test prep for biology- click on zebra- then go to right and click multiple choice questions.

http://regentsprep.org/

DISSECTION MOVED TO TUESDAY 5-31

Hey, we will be dissecting frogs next week in Mrs. Menz's room.
I have had a few kids volunteer to bring in gloves to make the dissection more pleasant.
If you are against dissection, you will have an alternate assignment but you will need to let me know by Friday 5-27-11.

DO SOME EOC REVIEW THIS WEEKEND- EVERYONE NEEDS IT!

EOC REVIEW SITES :1ST BLOCK EOC IS JUNE 3RD

EOC review site GO HERE: http://regentsprep.org/ , click on the zebra, then choose a topic, on LEFT hand side click "practice" and answer the questions.

Released EOC questions by goal: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/accountability/testing/eoc/sampleitems/5

Helpful classification sites

This site will give info and pictures on all of the animal phyla--only worry about the ones I listed in class:
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/trnov01.htm
click on links at bottom for amphibians, etc.



http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Life/classification_intro.html

check out the clips (A, B, C and the pond) to get a great look at protists and other little things in your water!
http://www.nlsd.will.k12.il.us/~mmckenna/Protist%20WQ/protist.html

Here's a fungus-like protist:
http://www.frequency.com/video/yellow-slime-mold-timelapse/2211896

general info on classification:
http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/classification_of_organisms.htm

EOC IN 4 WEEKS!!!!! START REVIEWING NOW!

EOC review site
GO HERE, click on the zebra, then choose a topic, on LEFT hand side click "practice" and answer the questions. http://regentsprep.org/

Honors SAS due Tuesday 5-10 and Tuesday 5-17

DUE TUESDAY 5-10

Enjoy this SAS on evolution: 52
Read everything!
complete everything!

login: spoint
quick launch #: 52


DUE TUESAY 5-17
"exploring taxonomic groups" (#457)
again, read everything and
complete everything!!!!

Kingdoms to be researched will be broken up by your warm-up group # and you will have to complete your project researching different organisms than the other people who are assigned the same topic.
THIS MEANS YOU CAN NOT PUT THIS OFF TO THE LAST MINUTE- YOU MUST COMMUNICATE WITH THE OTHER MEMBERS IN YOUR CLASS THAT HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED THE SAME KINGDOM TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE ALL RESEARCHING DIFFERENT ORGANISMS!!!!

groups 1,7 and 13 will do PROTISTA
groups 2 and 8 will do Archaebacteria
groups 3 and 9 will do Monera
groups 4 and 10 will do Fungi
groups 5 and 11 will do Plantae
groups 6 and 12 will do animalia


LOGIN: spoint
quicklaunch code: 457

Benchmark and EOC review site

GO HERE, click on the zebra, then choose a topic, on right hand side click "practice" and answer the questions. http://regentsprep.org/ review the "Heredity and Genetics", "Reproduction and Development" and "Homeostasis" units.

how to read a pedigree chart!

BASICS of READING a pedigree chart http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Laboratory/Pedigree%20Analysis/PEDIGREE.HTM Karyotyping practice!! I love this site!! http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html

Next word list - POSTER OR BOOK this time!!!

USE all of these words to make an informative poster (like in class) or tell a story (maybe even your story). DUE FRIDAY 4-8-11 Go here for a big overview of heredity- go through it all!!! http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/ 1.Zygote- the diploid cell formed by fertilization of an egg cell- it's basically the first cell of a person, the egg and sperm DNA unite to get back to that 46 chromosome number, the zygote replicates (mitosis) and becomes YOU! YOU with half of your DNA from Mom and half from dad- two bits of info. for nearly every trait in your body. 2.ALLELE- a segment of your DNA (or gene)that codes for a trait in your body. You have two alleles for every trait in your body (with one exception- naturally!). 3. Homozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when both parents give the same information (genes) for a trait. For example: both of your parents give you the gene for blonde hair, you have no other choice than to have blonde hair. 4. Heterozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when your parents give you two different genes for a trait. For example: Your Mom gives you the gene for brown hair and your dad gives you the gene for blonde hair- now your Genome has to decide which proteins to make- ones for brown hair OR ones for blonde hair- who will win? read on to find out! 5. Dominant traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles from a parent is stronger than the allele from the other parent so it's the one you use and, therefore,it's the trait that you have. Brown hair is dominant to blonde hair, therefore, you will have brown hair and you won't even know that you have a secret hidden gene from your other parent! (you can probably figure it out though- either by what your parents look like or what your kids look like) We only use one letter to represent a trait when we are trying to predict what traits a person will have, the Dominant trait determines what the letter will be and it (dominant one) will be uppercase- the recessive trait will use the same letter as the dominant trait, but we show that it is recessive by making it lower case! 6.Recessive traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles you get from a parent is weaker than another. You don't use this gene because you favor the stronger gene. In this way it is a hidden, secret gene, that you may never know you have. Even though you don't use this gene in your body, you do have the potential to give this "recessive" gene to your children and (depending on how the shuffling goes during meiosis) they could end up having that recessive trait. EVER see two brown headed people with a blonde baby- their baby- they both had a recessive allele for blonde hair!!!!!! 7. Co-dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong so they both show up!! This is how you get stripes and spots in fur- neat,hugh? 8. Incompletely dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong, so they duke it out and decide to compromise- they meet in the middle- you no longer see the original traits but a medium version of each trait- think Pink! As in: Red mixed with White makes PINK! 9. Genotype- this is how we refer to the "letters" or alleles you carry- you always have two- one from mom and one from dad. TT or Tt where "T" is tall (dominant) and "t" is short (recessive). 10. Phenotype- this his how we refer to the visible PHYSICAL features that result from your alleles - "Tall" or "Short". It's what we see and know you have with and/or without knowing what your DNA says. 11.Gregor Mendel- a Monk/ gardener that figured out "genetics" using pea plants. He just cross pollinated pea plants that had different colored flowers and figured out the whole dominant/ recessive trait thing. Genetics that deals with only dominant and recessive traits is even called "MENDELIAN GENETICS". 12. HYBRID- this is how we sometimes refer to the crossing (or breeding) of two different different organisms of the same species. YOU are a hybrid of your parents!!! when we are crossing to test one trait it's refered to as a monohybrid cross ( two traits would be a dihybrid cross) 13.Punnett square - you may have used this tool in Math class- it's how we set up a cross between two different individuals to get the probability of a given trait(s) appearing in their offspring. We use the letters that represent the trait to complete the punnett. go here to see how this is done!!!!!! DON'T look at dihybrid stuff- too confusing for you now. http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punnett.html practice: http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html overview of genetics: http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&hl=en-GB&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GGLJ_en-GBUS290US290&q=punnet+square+introduction it's the first link- it's a ppt.

TEST tomorrow! know how to replicate, trancribe and translate (aka protein synthesis). transcription animation: http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/transcription/movie-flash.htm translation animation: http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie-flash.htm

This is what we are doing Friday!! If you are out you need to watch it!!

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/

Go here to build DNA and new word list

this link will help you with DNA replication as well as protein synthesis!
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/

this link will too- we'll do this in class:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#


Next word list: #6 (14 terms) DO ALL OF THEM:
WORD LIST- for DNA
1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine .
Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases: A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL)
2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.
4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.
5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait.
7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.
8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome.
9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.
10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.
11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a codon into an amino acid.
12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.
13. Polypeptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein.
14. Hydrogen bond- weak bond that holds nitrogen bases (A with T or C with G) together.

Best link ever for HS students trying to understand photosynthesis and cellular respiration!

I absolutely love this web page- read it all , click on everything, submerge yourself in the energy cycle we are all swimming through- at least until that lactic acid makes us sink!!!!
For goodness sakes, Charli, feed those mitochondria some oxygen!
http://www.ftexploring.com/me/photosyn1.html

HONORS CLASS NEXT SAS due 3/25/11

NEXT SAS IS due 3/25/11
It is QUICK LAUNCH #2 = VIRTUAL LAB ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PRINT IT OUT- DO THE DATA AND OBSERVATION PAGES (3) DATA SHEETS (2) and analysis page (1).

answer all questions, complete all charts!
student login: spoint
quick launch: 2

http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/ProductEntrance/Navigation/navigator.jsp?node=7

Bioenergetic reactions help

Here's an overview of photosynthesis:
click on the "illuminating photosynthesis" link and then go through all 3 tabs at the top.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html
then go here for a start to finish explanation of how this all works:

http://science-class.net/PowerPoints/PandR_files/frame.htm


some stuff on cellular respiration:

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab5/process.html

I hope this helps.
Your foldable will be your best friend on this stuff!!

meiosis flip book help

Don't forget to show crosssing over of chromosomes- every chromatid should look different from each other.
this link should help:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html

FIELD TRIP TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED 4/14/11

GRAB A PERMISSION FORM IF YOU'D LIKE TO COME- COST IS $25, PRIMARILLY BECAUSE OF THE MILEAGE UP TO PISGAH.

HERE IS THE LINK TO WHERE WE WILL SPEND THE FIRST PART OF OUR DAY:

http://www.cradleofforestry.com/

THE SECOND PART WILL BE A HIKE UP "MOORE'S COVE" TO EAT LUNCH, STRETCH OUR LEGS AND SEE A BEAUTIFUL WATERFALL!

YOU'LL HAVE TO BRING A BAG LUNCH THAT WON'T REQUIRE HEATING!
BRING PLENTY TO DRINK.
WEAR STURDY SHOES AND WARM LAYERS (POSSIBLY EVEN A SECOND SET OF CLOTHES INCASE YOU GET WET IN THE STREAM)

I HOPE EVERYONE CAN MAKE IT, I'VE ALREADY CONTACTED ONE OF THE RANGERS AT THE PARK TO SET UP A LITTLE TOUR/ EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE AT THE CRADLE OF FORESTRY.

links to next topic and Word list

We'll start Mitosis and Meiosis on Wednesday.
Use these links to help you out if you are absent or get confused during class and can't stay for tutoring.

mitosis and meiosis
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide.html
or

go here and then click on "what is mitosis and meiosis?"
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/oldtour.html

YOU MUST DO ALL 10 WORDS, THEY ARE DUE ON FRIDAY AND YOU WILL BE QUIZZED ON FRIDAY!

REMEMBER: THEY SHOULD BE COLORED IN A MEANINGFUL WAY, COOL DOTS AND STRIPES ARE NOT WHAT I MEAN- COLORING IT SO THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE THE TERM/ DRAWING STAND OUT IS WHAT I'M LOOKING FOR!!!

1. Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).
2. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)
3. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!
4. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)
5. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)
6. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.
7. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.
8. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
9. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)
10. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA (or chromosome)that codes for a certain trait.

10th Grade writing test on Tuesday

Hey- remember to find out from your teachers where you should be Tuesday Morning for the writing test!

Benchmark tomorrow!! Monday March 7th

Don't forget you have a benchmark tomorrow! Study your vocab terms as well as the review sheet we did together in class on Friday.

Sorry I was OUT!

Hey everyone, I apologize for being out this past week!

It looks like this first 6 weeks has been a little bumpy, with my kids getting the flu and then with me sick Thurs and Fri. Hopefully the rest of the semester will be uneventful in terms of illness for my family and for yours.

Incase you are wondering, I was in the hospital Thurs. and left Friday morning. I had/have vertigo that the doctors feel is a result of being exposed to a virus (remember my daughter had the flu a week ago!). It's an awful, awful thing to have and I hope none of you EVER experience it!


We have a lot to cover in the week ahead with the Benchmark on Friday.
Here's my tentative schedule for the week.

Monday- Organic compounds test- you can use your poster! it will be short! You will then work on your new list of terms that are due on Thursday.

Tuesday- Focus will be exclusively on the plant and animal cell structures, you will draw them and do anaolgies to help you remember the more important organelles.

Wednesday- we will wrap up "cells" and begin cell transport. you will receive a packet that you will sketch your way through in order to reinforce the various types of cell transport.

Thursday- we will wrap up transport and review for your benchmark.

Friday- we will take your benchmark and then plant some seeds!

WORD LIST FOR 3-3-11

Word list 5:

YOU won't have a quiz on these, but you must do all 15 terms!!!
They'll be due on THURSDAY (3-3-11) and you'll have class time tomorrow to get started on them.

1.Chloroplast- organelle found only in plant cells, it makes chemical energy (sugar/ glucose) using solar energy (sunlight) to combine water and carbon dioxide.

2.Mitochondrion (singular) - responsible for breaking down sugar (glucose from plants) into a more usable form (ATP) for our cells. Found in animal cells and plant cells. Cells that do more work have more mitochondria in their cells (muscle cells and sperm cells have the most!).

3.Centrioles- organelles found only in animal cells that are only active during cell division (mitosis) where their job is to make sure that duplicated DNA strands get pulled apart evenly.

4.Ribosomes- found in plant and animal cells, they are responsible for building proteins and enzymes in a cell by using instructions they receive from the DNA via an RNA strand.

5.Nucleus- the control center for the cell, it contains the DNA instructions used to make every part of your body, your DNA NEVER,NEVER, NEVER leaves the nucleus!!

6.Cell wall- found only in plants, it provides structure and support to plant cells.

7.Cell or plasma membrane- found in plant and animal cells, it controls the movement of all substances in and out of the cell. SUPER IMPORTANT!

8.Cytoplasm- gel-like substance that all of the organelles are suspended in, it provides a medium for nutrient exchange as well as a cushion for the organelles.

9. Active transport- transport of a substance across the cell membrane that requires energy!! When something moves from where there is less of a it t0 where there is more of it. This usually takes work. Imagine you are trying to push the last little bit of a sleeping bag into it's case.

10. diffusion or passive transport- transport of a substance across a cell membrane, this type does not require energy because the substance is usually small, like oxygen, and moving from where there is more of it to where there is less of it (with the concentration gradient). imagine a ball rolling drown a hill - from where it is highest to where it is lowest- no energy needed.

11. facilitated diffusion- this is a lot like passive transport in that it doesn't require energy. It does however require a door called a protein channel. this is because the substances are usually large, like a sugar molecule. These substances move with the concentration gradient (high to low) as well.

12. Osmosis (or diffusion of water)- is the movement of water (only water) across a cell membrane- this works with the concentration gradient as well, moving from where there is more water to where there is less. It does not require energy! ** note- water usually follows salt! If you've ever eaten too much salty popcorn at the movies you may have noticed that your hands get puffy. Your cells are soaking up fluids to balance out the salt in your cells. this is an example of how your body carries out homeostasis!

13. Fluid mosaic model- this refers to the way your cell membrane is made, it is made up of two floating layers composed of proteins and lipids. the membrane is constantly moving which allows substances to glide through it. the lipid layers insure that the water level in your cells is controlled- the inside lipid (fat)Layer holds the water in, the outside lipid (fat) layer keeps water out. the protein channels are like tunnels that take substances from one side of the cell all the way across both layers to the other side of the cell.

14. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad.

15. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)

transport across a cell membrane interactiveGo here to see how cell transport works and get some visuals for your window pane terms!http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm
check out a blood cell in various solutionsClick on the link below to see how your red blood cells respond to hyper-, hypo-, and isotonic solutions:scroll down to Biology 12 and then click on the rectangle that says "red blood cells" in it(while you are there check out all of the other types of transport as well!)http://www.coolschool.ca/content/showcase.php?type=science

answer key for multiple choice review:
1b,2a,3c,4d,5d,6c,7a,8a,9d,10d,11b,12b,13a,14a,15c,16d,17c,18a,19b,20b,
21d,22b,23b,24b,25b,26a,27d,28a,29d,30b,31c,32d,33d,34a,35b,36b

next NPR for Friday the 25th

Here is your next NPR " Modern Extinctions"

http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/201005141

Window panes for 2-23-11

Since we will be spending next week reinforcing the topic of Organic Compounds you will have an alternate homework assignment ( your 5 th word list is on cell organelles which we haven't started yet!).

Your homework for Tuesday is to bring in pictures (from magazines, the computer, your own pix or your groceries) for your group of everything you can find that relates to Organic compounds!!!!

Examples: a picture of a stick of butter would represent a LIPID, a picture of a steak would represent a PROTEIN, a picture of a nucleotide or a blue print would represent NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA or RNA), and a picture of a lolipop would represent CARBOHYDRATES! Get creative!! think outside of the box!

YOU'LL be making posters in class and using your pictures to illustrate the organic compounds.
REMEMBER- THE BETTER YOUR POSTER, THE EASIER YOUR TEST WILL SEEM!

HAVE A GREAT WEEKEND!

This Friday's NPR pushed forward to Monday

I think we have our plates full with the new content (organic compounds)and your vocab quiz on Friday- you get a reprieve this time, so please take advantage of it, work on your listening skills and take good notes!

Also--- anyone needing to make-up the ecology test or re-take the ecology test should do so by next Tuesday, we need for everyone to be up to speed on content and we will be replacing some ecology posters with organic compound stuff!

IN CLASS SAS

READ EVERYTHING ON THIS POST BEFORE YOU BEGIN!!!

go to :
http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/
login and put 1 in the quick launch box.
READ THE INSTRUCTIONS

READ EVERYTHING IN "ABOUT THE TOPIC" BEFORE YOU LAUNCH THE BIOSCOPE!!!

YOU SHOULD KNOW BY NOW THAT SAS EXPLAINS EVERTHING VERY CLEARLY, BUT YOU DO HAVE TO ACTUALLY READ ALL OF THE MATERIAL!!
LET'S SEE HOW YOU DO THIS TIME.

Enzyme interactive

check out this link to get a better idea of how enzymes work! REMEMBER enzymes are one of the 4 organic compounds we are studying!

http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/anim_2.htm

NEED SOME EXTRA POINTS?

Extra Credit guidelines
Here's what you do:Watch a documentary that is "life science" based.
While physics, astronomy and chemistry are useful and interesting, they won't help you in my class.
Examples of good programs are things you might find on National geographic, pbs, bbc, animal planet, planet green and the science channel.
Many of these programs can be watched on your computer at your leisure.
You can complete four per each 6 week grading period.
You are basically summarizing what you watched.
Write a sentence or two during commercials, or every 10 minutes if it's online, to describe what's happening in the documentary.
At the end let me know the overall purpose or intent of the documentary and what you got out of it. It's meant to be a reflection on what you just watched.
TRY TO CHOOSE THINGS THAT WILL HELP YOU IN MY CLASS!
Topics we'll be covering in class: the cell, genetics, heredity, ecology, organic compounds, health and disease, classification of living organism, protein synthesis, plant structure and reproduction.
MAN VS. WILD is acceptable once every 6 weeks grading period.
(NOT MYTHBUSTERS, sorry)
ANYTHING ON GENETICS IS GOLDEN!!!!! I MAY EVEN UP YOUR POINTS EARNED IF YOU CHOOSE THIS TOPIC!! ENJOY! Check out this site:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/programs/int_natu.htmlhttp://video.pbs.org/subject/957383555/topic/957388344/viewmode/gridCheck out any 30 minute combination of the environment videos listed on the left and you have basically watched a 1 hour program on tv.http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/habitats-environment/freshwater/env-freshwater-whycare.html

HONORS NPR ASSIGNMENT

HONOR STUDENTS ONLY- DUE 2-18-11
CHANGING CLIMATES MEANS CHANGING OCEANS
TAKE NOTES
http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/201101213

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WORD LIST!

DUE WEDNESDAY (2-16-11)

Fourth list Do 10 of the 20—DO THE ONES YOU THINK ARE HARD BECAUSE YOU WILL BE QUIZZED ON ALL 20!!!!!!!
window panes for Organic compounds:
1. Carbohydrate- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms whose primary job is to provide a quick source of energy to the organisms that consume it.
2. Lipid- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It has two main purposes in organisms: provide storage for energy and build membranes ( thin covering around all of your cells).
3. Protein- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur atoms. The main jobs of proteins are: to build tissue in the body, to make up hormones and to build enzymes.
4. Nucleic acids- organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. The main job of these compounds is to carry our genetic code which determines everything that is made in our bodies. Examples are DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA ( ribonucleic acid)
5.Hormone- a chemical signal (made out of proteins) that travels through our bloodstream and lets other parts of our body know how to grow or what to make. (ex. progesterone- a hormone that is active in pregnant women and helps to prepare the mom's body to hold and care for a baby).
6. Enzyme- a type of protein that is responsible for helping to speed up chemical reactions in our body. In chemistry, or in reactions outside of our body, this is called a catalyst.
7. monosaccharide- a simple sugar (carbohydrate), this is a sugar composed of only one molecule- glucose is a monsaccharide. (mono=one)
8. polysaccharide- a type of sugar made up of a long chain of single sugars. (poly = many)
9. cellulose- a type of sugar found only in plants, it helps to build outer coverings of vegetation ( the yellow shell of each little piece of corn is made of this). we can not digest cellulose.
10. Starch- a complex carbohydrate made up a really long chain of glucose molecules. This is the form that plants store their sugar in.
11.Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that helps break down sugar in the body.
12.Hemoglobin- a protein that makes up your blood, it carries iron and oxygen ( you can normally carry 4 molecules of oxygen on each cell).
13. Glycogen- the stored form of glucose, it is stored in our liver.
14.monomer- a molecule that exists by itself - only one molecule of something = glucose
15. polymer- a molecule that exists as a long chain of monomers connected by bonds= starch
16. Organic compounds- compounds that have the element carbon as the central/ essential connection.
17. atom- smallest unit of an element.
18. nucleotide- smalles functional unit (or piece) of a nucleic acid. It consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base.
19. double helix- the shape of a DNA molecule, it resembles a twisted ladder.
20. single helix- the shape of a RNA molecule, it resembles half of a twisted ladder.

WATCH THESE on plastic in the ocean

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxNqzAHGXvs&feature=related


http://www.care2.com/news/member/234119459/1209517

Third set of window pane terms

Biology terms #3 NOTICE: you only have 10 words this time so you must do them all!

1.Logistic growth- when a population of organisms grows at a steady pace until it reaches its carrying capacity, then it levels off. (graph with an s-curve)
2.Exponential growth- when a population of organisms grows very rapidly because it has unlimited resources ( graph with a j-curve)
3.Stewardship- when people take responsibility for their environment and do things to minimize the negative impact humans have on the environment- like a protector for the environment.
4.Sustainable practices- using energy sources that are renewable and that don’t harm the environment. (wind power, hydroelectric power and solar power are examples of sustainable practices).
5.Invasive species- http://www.ouramazingplanet.com/alien-invaders-destructive-invasive-species-0299/ organisms that currently live in an area they are not naturally found, they do not have any natural predators and can grow out of control- they usually take over the habitat of another organism that is normally found in the area. (examples are: fire ants, kudzu, rabbits in Australia, the cane toad, northern snakehead)- they are a bad thing!
6.Bioaccumulation- a build up of toxins in the tissue of an organism from exposure to the toxin in their environment and the food they eat ( top predators are most affected).
7.Acid rain= http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_students/whatisacid.html sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix together to turn rain acidic- tree tops in the mountains look as if they have been burned, stone buildings begin to crumble and erode more quickly.
8.Greenhouse effect- when Ultraviolet (UV) rays enter the Earth’s atmosphere, some rays stay and some will bounce back out. This allows our planet to have a relatively stable temperature- it minimizes huge temperature shifts, this allows plants and animals to adapt more successfully to their environment.
9.Climate change- when the patterns of temperature and weather change over a large area due to “global warming” which is contributed to a build up of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse” gases in our atmosphere- this makes it hard for the UV radiation to bounce out!
10.Deforestation- when a large wooded area is cleared, either by “clear cutting” or burning, this results in greater amounts of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere and less habitat for organisms.

What's in your plastic cup/bottle?

Check this out to understand why I don't let you have water/soda bottles in class (aside from the fact that they pollute our environment).
A "safe" reusable container means that it was intended for repeated use and therefore made of "safe-R" material.

http://www.plasticfreebottles.com/pdf/Understanding-Plastic-Codes.pdf

or

http://www.thedailygreen.com/green-homes/eco-friendly/plastic-bottles-toxins-water-bottles-460410

New Semester, New students

WELCOME!
HONORS:
Here are some links you will need to refer to this semester:
Sas in schools link: http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/
LOGIN: spoint (Just put the assignment # in the quick launch box.)
NPR link: http://www.sciencefriday.com/
Honors:
First NPR assignment is "Citizen Science" due 2-4-11. Just listen, take notes (hand written only!), be prepared to answer questions in class (you CAN use your notes!) here is the exact link:
citizen science http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/201101072
just click on the arrow (top left of the page) to listen to the podcast or download it to your mp3 so you can listen any time!

HONORS:
First SAS assignment due on Friday (2-11-11), it's the stream ecology assignment, quick launch # is 870.

ALL CLASSES:
Window Panes are due on Wednesday- you only have to do 10 of the 20, but you are expected to know all of the terms for the quiz!

Window panes
Directions for WINDOW PANES:
Divide an index card into quarters.
In the top left square Write the term.
In the top right square give a synonym (example) or antonym for the term. (remember it doesn't have to be a literal synonym! )

For the word OBSERVATION a synonym could be smelling since using any of our senses is a way to make an observation in science.

In the bottom left square describe the term using your own words.

In the bottom right square give an illustration of the term.

An example would be drawing a ruler or calculator for the term "data". If you are not comfortable with drawing, you can create a multiple choice question for the term.
Extra creative cards or doing all terms = extra credit!

Window pane terms due 2-2-11

1. Photosynthesis- the process of making food (glucose) using sunlight.

2. Autotrophs- organisms that make their own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

3. Heterotrophs- organisms that have to consume other organisms to obtain the energy they need to survive.

4. Consumers- organisms that have to eat other organisms

5. Producers- organisms that make food for other organisms

6. Individual- one member (organism) of a particular species.

7. Population- all of the members of a particular species

8. Community- all of the different types of living organisms in a given area

9. Ecosystem- all of the living and non-living things in a given area

10. Omnivore- organism that eats plants and animals for its energy needs

11. Herbivore- organism that only eats plants for its energy needs

12. Carnivore-organism that only eats animals for its energy needs

13. Detritivore- organism that eats dead things for its energy needs

14. Decomposer- organism that breaks organic matter down into its basic elements.

15. Biomass- the weight of organic matter in a given area.

16. Abiotic factors- non-living things that exist and play a role in an organism's environment.

17. Biotic factors- living things in the environment

18. Symbiosis- a close relationship between two organisms

19. Limiting factors- anything that contributes to the survival and reproduction of an organism, therefore if there is not enough of it, the population will decrease. (water, food, habitat are examples)

20. Carrying capacity- the maximum amount of organisms that can live in an area. (note: this is usually determined by the limiting factors in an environment)