terms for quiz on Wednesday (WP terms)

WORD LIST- for DNA and some heredity
1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine . Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases: A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)
Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL)
2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.
4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.
5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)
6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait.
7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.
8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome.
9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.
10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.
11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a codon into an amino acid.
12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.
13. Polypeptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein.
14. Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).
15. Phenotype- the physical characteristic or trait of an individual, brown hair describes a person’s phenotype.
16. Genotype- the genetic code for a person’s trait(s). BB is a person’s genotype for Brown hair ( this genotype is homozygous – two of the same letters BB).
17. Homozygous-a person has the same letters (or alleles) for a given trait, BB or bb.
18. Heterozygous- a person has two different choices for a trait, Bb.
19. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.
20. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.

quizzes and re-take info.

Quiz Wednesday on Window pane terms - matching

Quiz Friday on Transcription and translation- you can use the DNA song as a guide ** don't have any extra writing on it.

If you no longer have your copy of the song- you must copy it off of a peer- I informed you earlier that I would not be giving out more copies.

Re-takes- If you have to re-take the mitosis/meiosis test, you must first complete some remediation work. You must complete chapter 10 in your reading essentials workbook -complete all sections- hand it in to me the day you come to re-take the test.

Your next test will be on transcription and translation ( protein synthesis) and it will be next Tuesday. If you need help, stay after school for tutoring and use your reading essentials workbook!

You should read through chapters 11-13 in your reading essentials by the end of next week!! It will help to supplement what we are learning in class.

protein synthesis links

protein synthesis
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/endomembrane%20protein%20synthesis.swf

transcription
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf

translation
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/translation.swf

mitosis and meiosis animations

Use this site to help you visualize both types of cell division:

http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

It explains the stages below the animations

DNA and way more!

Check out this site to find out everything you need to know about genetics; your DNA, how you inherit it and what it really does in your body.

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/

The cell cycle

Use this site to check out the cell cycle

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html