Word list 8
1. Genotype- the genetic code of an organism, usually expressed with two letters, one letter from Mom’s side and one letter from Dad’s side. ( BB or Bb would represent the genotype of a person with Brown hair or Brown eyes)
2. Phenotype- a physical trait that is the result of a person’s genotype, brown hair is the phenotype of a person who’s genotype is “Bb”.
3. Homozygous- when a person receives the same gene or allele from both parents (BB or bb).
4. Heterozygous- when a person receives two different genes or alleles, a different one from each parent. (Bb)
5. Zygote- the first 2N cell that is created from the union of the egg (1N) and the sperm(1N).
6. Dominant alleles- alleles that take over in a person, they are the stronger genes, they will show up physically even if another allele (recessive allele) is present in the genotype.
7. Recessive alleles- alleles that are present in a person but that don’t show up if a person also has a dominant allele for the same trait. Recessive alleles will only show up in a person if they receive the recessive allele from both parents – they must be homozygous (bb) recessive to have the trait show up in the person physically.
8. Co- dominant alleles- alleles that don’t have a winner- both traits show up a little bit, think about a spotted animal – like a brown and white cow or a black and white cat.
9. Incomplete dominance- when alleles don’t have a winner so they meet in the middle, think about a black cat and white cat making a grey cat, or red and white making pink!
10. Polygenic – when more than one gene contributes to trait in an individual. Skin color is a result of 7 different genes, that’s why there is so much variation- any girl who ever had to buy foundation can relate to this!
Sunday, March 28, 2010
Thursday, March 25, 2010
transcription and translation
Use this link to help you figure out transcription and translation (aka protein synthesis)
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/
Thursday, March 18, 2010
A walk in Grandpa's woods
This is what my son (10yr old Max) ran into on his walk in my Dad's "wilderness".
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wf.net/~snake/images/mocclog.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wf.net/~snake/moccasin.htm&usg=__hxanmjrTSW2A0LIaeBEp-iAc0F4=&h=200&w=299&sz=25&hl=en&start=12&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=eCmfprJaA3RXoM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Bmoccasin%2Bsnake%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26rlz%3D1T4GGLJ_en-GBUS290US290%26tbs%3Disch:1
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wf.net/~snake/images/mocclog.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wf.net/~snake/moccasin.htm&usg=__hxanmjrTSW2A0LIaeBEp-iAc0F4=&h=200&w=299&sz=25&hl=en&start=12&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=eCmfprJaA3RXoM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Bmoccasin%2Bsnake%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26rlz%3D1T4GGLJ_en-GBUS290US290%26tbs%3Disch:1
Wednesday, March 17, 2010
BIOLOGY TERMS FOR DNA AND MITOSIS
WORD LIST- for DNA and mitosis
1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine . Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases: A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)
Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL)
2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.
4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.
5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)
6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait.
7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.
8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome.
9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.
10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.
11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a codon into an amino acid.
12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.
13. Polypeptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein.
14. Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).
15. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)
16. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!
17. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)
18. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)
19. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.
20. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.
1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine . Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases: A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)
Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL)
2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.
4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.
5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)
6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait.
7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.
8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome.
9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.
10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.
11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a codon into an amino acid.
12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.
13. Polypeptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein.
14. Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).
15. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)
16. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!
17. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)
18. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)
19. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.
20. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.
mitosis and meiosis
Use this site to help you out with understanding cell division:
remember, Interphase is not a part of Mitosis, it is the working phase of your cell- this is when your cell is carrying out essential life processes.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide.html
remember, Interphase is not a part of Mitosis, it is the working phase of your cell- this is when your cell is carrying out essential life processes.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide.html
Sunday, March 14, 2010
Monday 3-15
Inside the cell- a little reminder of the parts of the cell, especially how they relate to DNA and protein synthesis.
tour of the basics- DNA
then: why we replicated DNA to begin with - to make new cells for growth and or repair, and for reproduction.
mitosis and meiosis tutorial
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/oldtour.html
Tuesday- test on old window pane terms- know their definition and a synonym or antonym
tour of the basics- DNA
then: why we replicated DNA to begin with - to make new cells for growth and or repair, and for reproduction.
mitosis and meiosis tutorial
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/oldtour.html
Tuesday- test on old window pane terms- know their definition and a synonym or antonym
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