genetics games :)

eye color
http://nature.ca/genome/04/041/041_e.cfm

Last minute review before the test on DNA/ RNA (with a little m & m)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4mYwsr9gGE&feature=related

Vocabulary test next Wednesday, April 4th.

Your vocabulary test will be on all of the vocabulary you have been given up to this point.

You will have your window pane notebooks returned to you by wednesday so you can study.

You will be able to use a "cheat sheet" for up to 20 words. 

 That sheet may consist of the term and a corresponding hand drawn illustration to help you remember the meaning of the term.

You may not use any verbal hints for the terms.

All of the terms I have given you for window panes are essential terms. I have trimmed the word list for biology down to the bare minimum. If you do not know these , you will not be able to understand the questions, or the answer choices, on the EOC.

DNA and Protein synthesis test

TEST ON:
DNA and proteins synthesis (plus some mitosis and meiosis)
3rd and 4th block test will be tuesday the 27th.
1st block will test on the 28th!

Study guide paper due Monday for 3rd and 4th!
Due tuesday for 1st block.


please use the links to review and KNOW your vocabulary so you can read and understand the questions.

protein synthesis interactive/ DNA and RNA song!

First block, quiz on Monday on  THE paragraph!!!
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=ap1302
here's the paragraph!

First thing that happens when your body needs a protein is chemical message is sent. mRNA responds by traveling into the nucleus. An enzyme then unzips the DNA molecule so that the mRNA can read the gene that codes for the needed protein. When mRNA creates the message from DNA it places complimentary nitrogen bases in the corresponding order. This process is called transcription. mRNA then leaves the nucleus and travels through the cytoplasm. It locates a ribosome that will read the "message." The ribosome reads the mRNA message in sets of 3 letters, these sets are called codons!


Each codon codes for an amino acid.

The Ribosome then sends a signal to the tRNAs telling them they are needed! The tRNAs then returns to the ribosome with the appropriate amino acids. The anti-codon on the bottom of the tRNA makes sure that the amino acid is returned to the proper location on the mRNA strand. The amino acids are connected via peptide bonds!!

When the chain of amino acids is complete it is released from the ribosome, it folds and is now officially a protein!!! TRANSLATION is done!

THE SONG:

There’s adenine and thymine


Cytosine and guanine

A phosphate and a sugar

And that makes DNA

DNA(clap, clap) DNA( clap, clap) DNA,DNA, DNA (clap, clap)



When thymine goes a missin’

Uracil is there to listen

It sends a little message

Because it’s RNA

RNA (clap, clap) RNA (clap, clap) RNA, RNA, RNA (clap, clap)



Transcription’s then completed

the code gets translated

acids are created

Then proteins are made!

Hip hip hooray! (clap, clap) Hip hip hooray! (clap, clap)

proteins are made, proteins are made, proteins are made!!!!! (clap, clap)



THE STRUCTURE OF AN ACTUAL DNA STRAND IS SIMPLE AND BASIC, IT’S THE PATTERN OF THE CODE AND THE LENGTH OF THE CHAIN THAT MAKE DNA VALUABLE AND YOU UNIQUE!!!!



REMEMBER YOUR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS? THE SMALLEST FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF A NUCLEIC ACID IS A PHOSPHATE, A SUGAR AND A NITROGEN BASE EITHER ADENINE, THYMINE, CYTOSINE, GUANINE (URACIL REPLACES THYMINE IF IT IS A STRAND OF RNA INSTEAD OF DNA).

Regents test prep link

http://regentsprep.org/

click on the zebra then click on practice questions.

design for field trip bottle!

DNA and RNA word list due Thursday

RE- Takes for Mitosis and Meiosis have to be completed this week between 3:10 and 4:10.
The test will not be available next week.
 Remember this 6 weeks is the most intensive in terms of the biology curriculum.
Getting behind at this point would be a bad idea.


Window panes due on Monday- get them to me on Friday and get extra credit!!!
WORD LIST- for DNA
1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine .
Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases:    A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL)

2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.

3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.

4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.

5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)

6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait.

7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.

8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome.

9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.

10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.

11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a mRNA codon strand into an amino acid strand.

12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.

13. Peptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein. a long chain of these amino acids can be refered to as either a protein or a polypeptide.

14. Hydrogen bond- weak bond that holds nitrogen bases (A with T or C with G) together.

15. Anti-codon- located at the bottom of the tRNA , it has the opposite nitrogen bases of the codon and its purpose is to make sure that the amino acids are returned to the proper place on the mRNA strand being translated at the ribosome! This insures that the codons are put in the correct order, regardless of who gets back to the ribosome first.

Use these links to help you visualize what's going on:
DNA replication
http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html
proteins synthesis (RNA and transcription/ translation tutorial)
http://www.johnkyrk.com/er.html
BIG PICTURE STUFF: DNA and heredity
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/

Kahn academy review of mitosis and meiosis TEST TOMORROW!

practice questions from regents test prep, click on the sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction practice questions:

http://regentsprep.org/Regents/core/questions/topics.cfm?Course=BIOL


link to Kahn video/ tutorial on mitosis and meiosis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLKX_4DHE3I&feature=relmfu&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

test on mitosis and meiosis thursday 3/15/12

Meiosis
Lost? go here:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html



and then here:
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html


mitosis review:
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html


karyotyping activity:

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/karyotype/


more advanced!
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html

Plan For THURSDAY, also window panes due Monday! make them good!

First: Window panes are now due Monday
Sorry to be out, here's your assignment: Quietly watch the video on nova linked below. AFTER, you may  work on your window panes or something else quietly unitl the end of class.

If you can remain focused and quiet you will not have to write a summary on the documentary. If not, you will be required to write a summary which may require that you re-watch the episode on your own.

YOU GET TO CHOSE THE VIDEO: Both are @ 53 minutes.

Tristin and Carson- your window pane notebooks are on the middle shelf of the cart up by my desk.

Secrets beneath the Ice

http://video.pbs.org/video/1700738538

or

The incredible journey of the butterflies

http://video.pbs.org/video/1063682334

We need a fish tank!!

Check your garages, your basements and your sheds!!

We need an unwanted, neglected, yet water tight, fish tank!!!

 I have some frog eggs and I thought it would be neat to watch them go through their metamorphosis!

Next word list for window panes due Friday - Quz on terms Friday as well

Watch this first!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6ucKWIIFmg&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

1.Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).

2. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)

3. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!

4. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf9rcqifx34&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active


5. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html

6. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.

7. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.

8. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.

9. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)

10. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA (or chromosome)that codes for a certain trait.

11. Fertilization- when the sperm cell unites with the egg cell.

12. Centromere- the structure that holds two sister chromatids together.


13. haploid- The “Half” number of chromosomes an organism would have in a regular/ non- sex cell. Sex cells are haploid!!!! (same thing as 1N)


14. Diploid- The full chromosome number in a regular/somatic cell, the prefix “di” relates to the fact that you have “two” bits of information (chromosomes) for nearly every trait in your body. One from Mom and one from Dad. (same thing as 2N)

15. Somatic cells- all of the cells in your body except for your egg or sperm cells.
16. Gametes- the cells in your body that participate in reproduction, either egg or sperm cells.
17.Homologous chromosomes- The chromosomes that Match up for given traits, the chromosome from Mom that codes for height and the chromosome for Dad the codes for height are “homologous”. They pair up during meiosis 1 and trade information to insure that offspring are not identical!

18. Crossing over- when homologous chromosomes pair up and trade genes during meiosis 1.

19.sexual reproduction- when organisms use meiosis to allow for genetic variation of offspring- this allows for increases chances of survival in a species.


20. asexual reproduction- when organisms use mitosis to duplicate their cells, this results in a “clone” or two identical cells. Your cells do this when you are growing or repairing damaged tissue. Some organisms do this to make offspring= bacteria and fungal spores do this.

cell project organelles to be listed

Your drawings should have everything labeled that is illustrated even if you don't have to tell the function of the organelle.

Organelle function/job key for last page should have these organelles


nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
Golgi body
cytoplasm
vacuole
mitochondria
chloroplast
cell membrane
cell wall
contractile vacuole
flagella
cilia

remember, you only have to do one key at the end, each cell should have a symbol to represent it. Example, Euglena = triangle.