BOZEMAN VIDEO ON MITOSIS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cVZBV9tD-A&safe=active&noredirect=1
BOSEMAN VIDEO ON MEIOSIS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB_8dTuh73c&safe=active
CHECK OUT THE PREVIOUS POST TOO FOR HELP!!
Thursday, September 26, 2013
Thursday, September 19, 2013
Window pane list for cell division due 9/27/13
mitosis tutorial
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
sketches
http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html
onion:
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/activity_description.html
whitefish:
http://www.dmacc.edu/instructors/mitosis.htm
onion pic:
http://www.marric.us/files/images/mitosis.gif
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
sketches
http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html
onion:
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/activity_description.html
whitefish:
http://www.dmacc.edu/instructors/mitosis.htm
onion pic:
http://www.marric.us/files/images/mitosis.gif
mitosis and meiosis side by side tutorial:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide.html
Window panes for cell division! These will be due next Friday 9/27/13
Watch this first!
1.Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).
2. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)
3. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!
4. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)
5. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)
6. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.
7. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.
8. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
9. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)
10. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA (or chromosome)that codes for a certain trait.
11. Fertilization- when the sperm cell unites with the egg cell.
12. Centromere- the structure that holds two sister chromatids together.
13. haploid- The “Half” number of chromosomes an organism would have in a regular/ non- sex cell. Sex cells are haploid!!!! (same thing as 1N)
14. Diploid- The full chromosome number in a regular/somatic cell, the prefix “di” relates to the fact that you have “two” bits of information (chromosomes) for nearly every trait in your body. One from Mom and one from Dad. (same thing as 2N)
15. Somatic cells- all of the cells in your body except for your egg or sperm cells.
16. Gametes- the cells in your body that participate in reproduction, either egg or sperm cells.
17.Homologous chromosomes- The chromosomes that Match up for given traits, the chromosome from Mom that codes for height and the chromosome for Dad the codes for height are “homologous”. They pair up during meiosis 1 and trade information to insure that offspring are not identical!
18. Crossing over- when homologous chromosomes pair up and trade genes during meiosis 1.
19.sexual reproduction- when organisms use meiosis to allow for genetic variation of offspring- this allows for increases chances of survival in a species.
20. asexual reproduction- when organisms use mitosis to duplicate their cells, this results in a “clone” or two identical cells. Your cells do this when you are growing or repairing damaged tissue. Some organisms do this to make offspring= bacteria and fungal spores do this.
Saturday, September 14, 2013
tutoring, re-tests and links for transport and the cells
Remember- tutoring / re-testing is available Mon. through Thurs.!
Take advantage of it!
Here are some useful links for cell transport and cells in general
cell:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z9pqST72is
transport
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKvHrD1eS4
Take advantage of it!
Here are some useful links for cell transport and cells in general
cell:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z9pqST72is
transport
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKvHrD1eS4
Monday, September 9, 2013
Friday, September 6, 2013
lab write up guidelines--
Remember to complete a bar graph for all 7 group- 3 bars per group!
LAB WRITE-UP Template
Use this template to assist you in typing your lab reports. Go back and delete this info so that your document looks like a lab report.
Format = 12 pt font in either Times new roman or Arial.
Name
Date
Period #
Title
Purpose: clearly states the reason for the experiment (identify the problem)
Hypothesis: states your prediction of the experiment using an “If, then” statement to reflect the dependent and independent variables. Also include your reasoning for the hypothesis.
Materials: a list of all the materials used in the experiment.
Procedure: An organized step by step plan written in numerical order so that another person could follow and duplicate your experiment. Be sure to identify the control and experimental group in your experimental design.
Results: Written results report only what happened in your experiment.
This includes all tables, charts, graphs, and drawings recorded during the lab.
NOTE: Format for graphs – a graph contains a proper title, labels (x-axis = independent variable and y-axis = the dependent variable), numbering that best fits data, and type of graph fits data (line, bar or pie graph).
Conclusion: Use complete sentences and include the following:
- State if your hypothesis is supported or refuted.
- State why the hypothesis is or is not supported.
- Use the data from your experiment to support your reasoning.
- Include background research to support your findings.
c. State what types of experimental error that you may have encountered.
d. State what improvements if any that you would make to this experiment.
e. State what you learned from this experiment.
Tuesday, September 3, 2013
Second set of window panes for honors biology: organelles, cells and cell transport. Due: Wednesday, September 11th
Test on Cells Friday, September 13th
1. Chloroplast- organelle found only in plant cells, it makes chemical energy (sugar/ glucose) using solar energy (sunlight) to combine water and carbon dioxide.
2. Mitochondrion (singular) - responsible for breaking down sugar (glucose from plants) into a more usable form (ATP) for our cells. Found in animal cells and plant cells. Cells that do more work have more mitochondria in their cells (muscle cells and sperm cells have the most!).
3. Centrioles- organelles found only in animal cells that are only active during cell division (mitosis) where their job is to make sure that duplicated DNA strands get pulled apart evenly.
4. Ribosomes- found in plant and animal cells, they are responsible for building proteins and enzymes in a cell by using instructions they receive from the DNA via an RNA strand.
5.Nucleus- the control center for the cell, it contains the DNA instructions used to make every part of your body, your DNA NEVER,NEVER, NEVER leaves the nucleus!!
6.Cell wall- found only in plants, it provides structure and support to plant cells.
7.Cell or plasma membrane- found in plant and animal cells, it controls the movement of all substances in and out of the cell. SUPER IMPORTANT!
8.Cytoplasm- gel-like substance that all of the organelles are suspended in, it provides a medium for nutrient exchange as well as a cushion for the organelles.
9. Active transport- transport of a substance across the cell membrane that requires energy!! When something moves from where there is less of a it t0 where there is more of it. This usually takes work. Imagine you are trying to push the last little bit of a sleeping bag into it's case.
10. diffusion or passive transport- transport of a substance across a cell membrane, this type does not require energy because the substance is usually small, like oxygen, and moving from where there is more of it to where there is less of it (with the concentration gradient). imagine a ball rolling drown a hill - from where it is highest to where it is lowest- no energy needed.
11. facilitated diffusion- this is a lot like passive transport in that it doesn't require energy. It does however require a door called a protein channel. this is because the substances are usually large, like a sugar molecule. These substances move with the concentration gradient (high to low) as well.
12. Osmosis (or diffusion of water)- is the movement of water (only water) across a cell membrane- this works with the concentration gradient as well, moving from where there is more water to where there is less. It does not require energy! ** note- water usually follows salt! If you've ever eaten too much salty popcorn at the movies you may have noticed that your hands get puffy. Your cells are soaking up fluids to balance out the salt in your cells. this is an example of how your body carries out homeostasis.
13. Fluid mosaic model- this refers to the way your cell membrane is made, it is made up of two floating layers composed of proteins and lipids. the membrane is constantly moving which allows substances to glide through it. the lipid layers insure that the water level in your cells is controlled- the inside lipid (fat)Layer holds the water in, the outside lipid (fat) layer keeps water out. the protein channels are like tunnels that take substances from one side of the cell all the way across both layers to the other side of the cell.
14. Eukaryotic cells- have membrane organelles, in particular a nucleus that holds its DNA. Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists are made of these types of cells. They are thought to be a symbiotic relationship between cells that were once prokaryotic.
15.Prokaryotic cells- Don not have membrane bound organelles. They have DNA, but it is not kept inside of a nucleus, it is in the shape of a plasmid (circular) that floats around in the cell. ONLY BACTERIA are Prokaryotic
16. Euglena- a photosynthetic organism that lives in water. It has Chloroplasts and other organelles and is a unicellular (one celled) organisms made of cells like us- Eukaryotic! (It is a protist)
17. Paramecium- a one celled organism (protist) that swims (it also lives in water) using its cilia. It eats other organisms to survive.
18. Contractile vacuole- organelle in protists that helps them maintain proper water balance by helping to pump out excess water. They need this since they live in the water.
19. Plasmid- a circular strand of DNA found in bacteria.
20. Golgi body- organelle responsible for packaging substances made or excreted by your cells.
Test on Cells Friday, September 13th
1. Chloroplast- organelle found only in plant cells, it makes chemical energy (sugar/ glucose) using solar energy (sunlight) to combine water and carbon dioxide.
2. Mitochondrion (singular) - responsible for breaking down sugar (glucose from plants) into a more usable form (ATP) for our cells. Found in animal cells and plant cells. Cells that do more work have more mitochondria in their cells (muscle cells and sperm cells have the most!).
3. Centrioles- organelles found only in animal cells that are only active during cell division (mitosis) where their job is to make sure that duplicated DNA strands get pulled apart evenly.
4. Ribosomes- found in plant and animal cells, they are responsible for building proteins and enzymes in a cell by using instructions they receive from the DNA via an RNA strand.
5.Nucleus- the control center for the cell, it contains the DNA instructions used to make every part of your body, your DNA NEVER,NEVER, NEVER leaves the nucleus!!
6.Cell wall- found only in plants, it provides structure and support to plant cells.
7.Cell or plasma membrane- found in plant and animal cells, it controls the movement of all substances in and out of the cell. SUPER IMPORTANT!
8.Cytoplasm- gel-like substance that all of the organelles are suspended in, it provides a medium for nutrient exchange as well as a cushion for the organelles.
9. Active transport- transport of a substance across the cell membrane that requires energy!! When something moves from where there is less of a it t0 where there is more of it. This usually takes work. Imagine you are trying to push the last little bit of a sleeping bag into it's case.
10. diffusion or passive transport- transport of a substance across a cell membrane, this type does not require energy because the substance is usually small, like oxygen, and moving from where there is more of it to where there is less of it (with the concentration gradient). imagine a ball rolling drown a hill - from where it is highest to where it is lowest- no energy needed.
11. facilitated diffusion- this is a lot like passive transport in that it doesn't require energy. It does however require a door called a protein channel. this is because the substances are usually large, like a sugar molecule. These substances move with the concentration gradient (high to low) as well.
12. Osmosis (or diffusion of water)- is the movement of water (only water) across a cell membrane- this works with the concentration gradient as well, moving from where there is more water to where there is less. It does not require energy! ** note- water usually follows salt! If you've ever eaten too much salty popcorn at the movies you may have noticed that your hands get puffy. Your cells are soaking up fluids to balance out the salt in your cells. this is an example of how your body carries out homeostasis.
13. Fluid mosaic model- this refers to the way your cell membrane is made, it is made up of two floating layers composed of proteins and lipids. the membrane is constantly moving which allows substances to glide through it. the lipid layers insure that the water level in your cells is controlled- the inside lipid (fat)Layer holds the water in, the outside lipid (fat) layer keeps water out. the protein channels are like tunnels that take substances from one side of the cell all the way across both layers to the other side of the cell.
14. Eukaryotic cells- have membrane organelles, in particular a nucleus that holds its DNA. Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists are made of these types of cells. They are thought to be a symbiotic relationship between cells that were once prokaryotic.
15.Prokaryotic cells- Don not have membrane bound organelles. They have DNA, but it is not kept inside of a nucleus, it is in the shape of a plasmid (circular) that floats around in the cell. ONLY BACTERIA are Prokaryotic
16. Euglena- a photosynthetic organism that lives in water. It has Chloroplasts and other organelles and is a unicellular (one celled) organisms made of cells like us- Eukaryotic! (It is a protist)
17. Paramecium- a one celled organism (protist) that swims (it also lives in water) using its cilia. It eats other organisms to survive.
18. Contractile vacuole- organelle in protists that helps them maintain proper water balance by helping to pump out excess water. They need this since they live in the water.
19. Plasmid- a circular strand of DNA found in bacteria.
20. Golgi body- organelle responsible for packaging substances made or excreted by your cells.
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