Next word list - POSTER OR BOOK this time!!!

USE all of these words to make an informative poster (like in class) or tell a story (maybe even your story). DUE FRIDAY 4-8-11 Go here for a big overview of heredity- go through it all!!! http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/ 1.Zygote- the diploid cell formed by fertilization of an egg cell- it's basically the first cell of a person, the egg and sperm DNA unite to get back to that 46 chromosome number, the zygote replicates (mitosis) and becomes YOU! YOU with half of your DNA from Mom and half from dad- two bits of info. for nearly every trait in your body. 2.ALLELE- a segment of your DNA (or gene)that codes for a trait in your body. You have two alleles for every trait in your body (with one exception- naturally!). 3. Homozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when both parents give the same information (genes) for a trait. For example: both of your parents give you the gene for blonde hair, you have no other choice than to have blonde hair. 4. Heterozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when your parents give you two different genes for a trait. For example: Your Mom gives you the gene for brown hair and your dad gives you the gene for blonde hair- now your Genome has to decide which proteins to make- ones for brown hair OR ones for blonde hair- who will win? read on to find out! 5. Dominant traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles from a parent is stronger than the allele from the other parent so it's the one you use and, therefore,it's the trait that you have. Brown hair is dominant to blonde hair, therefore, you will have brown hair and you won't even know that you have a secret hidden gene from your other parent! (you can probably figure it out though- either by what your parents look like or what your kids look like) We only use one letter to represent a trait when we are trying to predict what traits a person will have, the Dominant trait determines what the letter will be and it (dominant one) will be uppercase- the recessive trait will use the same letter as the dominant trait, but we show that it is recessive by making it lower case! 6.Recessive traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles you get from a parent is weaker than another. You don't use this gene because you favor the stronger gene. In this way it is a hidden, secret gene, that you may never know you have. Even though you don't use this gene in your body, you do have the potential to give this "recessive" gene to your children and (depending on how the shuffling goes during meiosis) they could end up having that recessive trait. EVER see two brown headed people with a blonde baby- their baby- they both had a recessive allele for blonde hair!!!!!! 7. Co-dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong so they both show up!! This is how you get stripes and spots in fur- neat,hugh? 8. Incompletely dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong, so they duke it out and decide to compromise- they meet in the middle- you no longer see the original traits but a medium version of each trait- think Pink! As in: Red mixed with White makes PINK! 9. Genotype- this is how we refer to the "letters" or alleles you carry- you always have two- one from mom and one from dad. TT or Tt where "T" is tall (dominant) and "t" is short (recessive). 10. Phenotype- this his how we refer to the visible PHYSICAL features that result from your alleles - "Tall" or "Short". It's what we see and know you have with and/or without knowing what your DNA says. 11.Gregor Mendel- a Monk/ gardener that figured out "genetics" using pea plants. He just cross pollinated pea plants that had different colored flowers and figured out the whole dominant/ recessive trait thing. Genetics that deals with only dominant and recessive traits is even called "MENDELIAN GENETICS". 12. HYBRID- this is how we sometimes refer to the crossing (or breeding) of two different different organisms of the same species. YOU are a hybrid of your parents!!! when we are crossing to test one trait it's refered to as a monohybrid cross ( two traits would be a dihybrid cross) 13.Punnett square - you may have used this tool in Math class- it's how we set up a cross between two different individuals to get the probability of a given trait(s) appearing in their offspring. We use the letters that represent the trait to complete the punnett. go here to see how this is done!!!!!! DON'T look at dihybrid stuff- too confusing for you now. http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punnett.html practice: http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html overview of genetics: http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&hl=en-GB&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GGLJ_en-GBUS290US290&q=punnet+square+introduction it's the first link- it's a ppt.

TEST tomorrow! know how to replicate, trancribe and translate (aka protein synthesis). transcription animation: http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/transcription/movie-flash.htm translation animation: http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie-flash.htm

This is what we are doing Friday!! If you are out you need to watch it!!

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/

Go here to build DNA and new word list

this link will help you with DNA replication as well as protein synthesis!
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/

this link will too- we'll do this in class:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#


Next word list: #6 (14 terms) DO ALL OF THEM:
WORD LIST- for DNA
1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine .
Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases: A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL)
2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.
4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.
5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait.
7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.
8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome.
9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.
10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.
11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a codon into an amino acid.
12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.
13. Polypeptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein.
14. Hydrogen bond- weak bond that holds nitrogen bases (A with T or C with G) together.

Best link ever for HS students trying to understand photosynthesis and cellular respiration!

I absolutely love this web page- read it all , click on everything, submerge yourself in the energy cycle we are all swimming through- at least until that lactic acid makes us sink!!!!
For goodness sakes, Charli, feed those mitochondria some oxygen!
http://www.ftexploring.com/me/photosyn1.html

HONORS CLASS NEXT SAS due 3/25/11

NEXT SAS IS due 3/25/11
It is QUICK LAUNCH #2 = VIRTUAL LAB ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PRINT IT OUT- DO THE DATA AND OBSERVATION PAGES (3) DATA SHEETS (2) and analysis page (1).

answer all questions, complete all charts!
student login: spoint
quick launch: 2

http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/ProductEntrance/Navigation/navigator.jsp?node=7

Bioenergetic reactions help

Here's an overview of photosynthesis:
click on the "illuminating photosynthesis" link and then go through all 3 tabs at the top.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html
then go here for a start to finish explanation of how this all works:

http://science-class.net/PowerPoints/PandR_files/frame.htm


some stuff on cellular respiration:

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab5/process.html

I hope this helps.
Your foldable will be your best friend on this stuff!!

meiosis flip book help

Don't forget to show crosssing over of chromosomes- every chromatid should look different from each other.
this link should help:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html

FIELD TRIP TENTATIVELY SCHEDULED 4/14/11

GRAB A PERMISSION FORM IF YOU'D LIKE TO COME- COST IS $25, PRIMARILLY BECAUSE OF THE MILEAGE UP TO PISGAH.

HERE IS THE LINK TO WHERE WE WILL SPEND THE FIRST PART OF OUR DAY:

http://www.cradleofforestry.com/

THE SECOND PART WILL BE A HIKE UP "MOORE'S COVE" TO EAT LUNCH, STRETCH OUR LEGS AND SEE A BEAUTIFUL WATERFALL!

YOU'LL HAVE TO BRING A BAG LUNCH THAT WON'T REQUIRE HEATING!
BRING PLENTY TO DRINK.
WEAR STURDY SHOES AND WARM LAYERS (POSSIBLY EVEN A SECOND SET OF CLOTHES INCASE YOU GET WET IN THE STREAM)

I HOPE EVERYONE CAN MAKE IT, I'VE ALREADY CONTACTED ONE OF THE RANGERS AT THE PARK TO SET UP A LITTLE TOUR/ EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE AT THE CRADLE OF FORESTRY.

links to next topic and Word list

We'll start Mitosis and Meiosis on Wednesday.
Use these links to help you out if you are absent or get confused during class and can't stay for tutoring.

mitosis and meiosis
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide.html
or

go here and then click on "what is mitosis and meiosis?"
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/oldtour.html

YOU MUST DO ALL 10 WORDS, THEY ARE DUE ON FRIDAY AND YOU WILL BE QUIZZED ON FRIDAY!

REMEMBER: THEY SHOULD BE COLORED IN A MEANINGFUL WAY, COOL DOTS AND STRIPES ARE NOT WHAT I MEAN- COLORING IT SO THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE THE TERM/ DRAWING STAND OUT IS WHAT I'M LOOKING FOR!!!

1. Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).
2. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)
3. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!
4. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)
5. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)
6. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.
7. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.
8. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.
9. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)
10. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA (or chromosome)that codes for a certain trait.

10th Grade writing test on Tuesday

Hey- remember to find out from your teachers where you should be Tuesday Morning for the writing test!

Benchmark tomorrow!! Monday March 7th

Don't forget you have a benchmark tomorrow! Study your vocab terms as well as the review sheet we did together in class on Friday.