mitosis and meiosis window panes due 9-26-14

word list for mitosis and meiosis- due Friday 9-26-14

1.Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).

2. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)

3. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!

4. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)

5. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/meiosis.html

6. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.

7. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.

8. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.

9. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)

10. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA (or chromosome)that codes for a certain trait.

11. Fertilization- when the sperm cell unites with the egg cell.

12. Centromere- the structure that holds two sister chromatids together.

13. haploid- The “Half” number of chromosomes an organism would have in a regular/ non- sex cell. Sex cells are haploid!!!! (same thing as 1N)

14. Diploid- The full chromosome number in a regular/somatic cell, the prefix “di” relates to the fact that you have “two” bits of information (chromosomes) for nearly every trait in your body. One from Mom and one from Dad. (same thing as 2N)

15. Somatic cells- all of the cells in your body except for your egg or sperm cells.

16. Gametes- the cells in your body that participate in reproduction, either egg or sperm cells.

17.Homologous chromosomes- The chromosomes that Match up for given traits, the chromosome from Mom that codes for height and the chromosome for Dad the codes for height are “homologous”. They pair up during meiosis 1 and trade information to insure that offspring are not identical!

18. Crossing over- when homologous chromosomes pair up and trade genes during meiosis 1.

19.sexual reproduction- when organisms use meiosis to allow for genetic variation of offspring- this allows for increases chances of survival in a species.

20. asexual reproduction- when organisms use mitosis to duplicate their cells, this results in a “clone” or two identical cells. Your cells do this when you are growing or repairing damaged tissue. Some organisms do this to make offspring= bacteria and fungal spores do this.

For Tuesday and Wednesday, remember to bring ear buds!

All classes will be in the computer lab for Tuesday and Wednesday due to my having Jury Duty.

Remember to bring ear buds/ headphones for those days.

1st and 4th block Biology need to click on the link below and follow the instructions posted.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SPh3ayBZ_qkSDNTQnvMD5kJB9uBRo49EtpWB6pjCLno/edit?usp=sharing


APES - 2ND BLOCK

CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW AND FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS, BRING EAR BUDS FOR TOMORROW IF YOU DON'T HAVE THEM TODAY.

https://docs.google.com/a/gaston.k12.nc.us/document/d/12Sm4iYId7B1HyNDbXCU5KDq_Z6I3whOlGAhgVb-juog/edit

Biology video clip for those that didn't do the Khan videos or quiz

Bozeman video clip:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/cell-division


Remember to watch the previous Khan clips too, but you will only be quizzed on this bozeman clip.
This second chance will not come around again, take advantage of it!

links for sites used in class today- Don't forget to watch Kahn videos for homework

Links used in class today:

sickle cell case study:
http://sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu/cs/collection/detail.asp?case_id=484&id=484

nature of stem cells
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/stemcells/scintro/

Go, go, stem cells
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/stemcells/sctypes/


interactive microscope:
http://virtualurchin.stanford.edu/microtutorial.htm


Khan links are in previous post!

Biology homework for Wednesday night, do it tonight if you have time :) Project reminder!

Watch these Khan academy tutorials on fertilization and cell division:

Take notes as he goes through the tutorial.
 I will check your notes as a homework grade. 
You may or may not be quizzed on this information, if you have YOUR notes you can use them during the quiz.

Fertilization and terminology used when discussing cell division: 10 min
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/new-topic-2014-06-18T18:00:45.081Z/v/fertilization-haploid-diploid-gamete-zygote-homologous


Zygote differentiating into somatic and/or germ cells: 9 min
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/new-topic-2014-06-18T18:00:45.081Z/v/somatic-germ-cells



Reminder: your cell project is due October 8th.

Biology- weekend homework Quiz on cells Monday

 watch this TED talk and complete the guide that goes with it ( the one you were given in class);
http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate

Monday's Quiz:
Be able to label the plant and animal cells.  Label the organelles in each and be able to tell the job of each organelle.

APES extra credit and weekend homework- grab some supplies

Weekend homework: still need compost (table scraps will do- try not to include anything acidic), aquatic organism of your choice and a banana. (these supplies are per team- communicate with each other!)

EXTRA CREDIT:
Watch this documentary, it will help you with pretty much every aspect of this course. Complete the handout while you watch it- you'll have to pause a lot, it will take you a while to complete this.
It is worth 10 points  towards one of your tests (not to exceed 100!)

HOME

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxENMKaeCU

link to handout that must be completed;
https://docs.google.com/a/gaston.k12.nc.us/document/d/1GH8g3_VN7PZkz2uOg83YCBPPZKtzNdrxEADJHjIgQB0/edit


The volunteer opportunities listed in the previous post are worth 15 points (not to exceed a 100).

APES EXTRA CREDIT re-posted RIVERKEEPER LINK

APES extra credit opportunity

I'd love for you guys to be able to go to this! If you can make it I'll give you extra credit on a test or project!!

http://www.blumenthalarts.org/events-performances/coming-performances/detail/mountainfilm-on-tour

Go here for clean-up dates and locations: Take PIX!

http://www.catawbariverkeeper.org/

This looks like fun and would count too! TAKE  pix!
http://www.catawbariverkeeper.org/News/calendar-of-events/11th-annual-catawba-riverfest

Honors biology word list for "Cells" and "cell transport" due Friday 9-12-14

Second list of window panes; due Friday, September 12th

1. Chloroplast- organelle found only in plant cells, it makes chemical energy (sugar/ glucose) using solar energy (sunlight) to combine water and carbon dioxide.

2. Mitochondrion (singular) - responsible for breaking down sugar (glucose from plants) into a more usable form (ATP) for our cells. Found in animal cells and plant cells. Cells that do more work have more mitochondria in their cells (muscle cells and sperm cells have the most!).

3. Centrioles- organelles found only in animal cells that are only active during cell division (mitosis) where their job is to make sure that duplicated DNA strands get pulled apart evenly.

4. Ribosomes- found in plant and animal cells, they are responsible for building proteins and enzymes in a cell by using instructions they receive from the DNA via an RNA strand.

5.Nucleus- the control center for the cell, it contains the DNA instructions used to make every part of your body, your DNA NEVER,NEVER, NEVER leaves the nucleus!!

6.Cell wall- found only in plants, it provides structure and support to plant cells.

7.Cell or plasma membrane- found in plant and animal cells, it controls the movement of all substances in and out of the cell. SUPER IMPORTANT!

8.Cytoplasm- gel-like substance that all of the organelles are suspended in, it provides a medium for nutrient exchange as well as a cushion for the organelles.

9. Active transport- transport of a substance across the cell membrane that requires energy!! When something moves from where there is less of a it t0 where there is more of it. This usually takes work. Imagine you are trying to push the last little bit of a sleeping bag into it's case.

10. diffusion or passive transport- transport of a substance across a cell membrane, this type does not require energy because the substance is usually small, like oxygen, and moving from where there is more of it to where there is less of it (with the concentration gradient). imagine a ball rolling drown a hill - from where it is highest to where it is lowest- no energy needed.

11. facilitated diffusion- this is a lot like passive transport in that it doesn't require energy. It does however require a door called a protein channel. this is because the substances are usually large, like a sugar molecule. These substances move with the concentration gradient (high to low) as well.

12. Osmosis (or diffusion of water)- is the movement of water (only water) across a cell membrane- this works with the concentration gradient as well, moving from where there is more water to where there is less. It does not require energy! ** note- water usually follows salt! If you've ever eaten too much salty popcorn at the movies you may have noticed that your hands get puffy. Your cells are soaking up fluids to balance out the salt in your cells. this is an example of how your body carries out homeostasis.

13. Fluid mosaic model- this refers to the way your cell membrane is made, it is made up of two floating layers composed of proteins and lipids. the membrane is constantly moving which allows substances to glide through it. the lipid layers insure that the water level in your cells is controlled- the inside lipid (fat)Layer holds the water in, the outside lipid (fat) layer keeps water out. the protein channels are like tunnels that take substances from one side of the cell all the way across both layers to the other side of the cell.

14. Eukaryotic cells- have membrane organelles, in particular a nucleus that holds its DNA. Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists are made of these types of cells. They are thought to be a symbiotic relationship between cells that were once prokaryotic.

15.Prokaryotic cells- Don not have membrane bound organelles. They have DNA, but it is not kept inside of a nucleus, it is in the shape of a plasmid (circular) that floats around in the cell. ONLY BACTERIA are Prokaryotic

16. Euglena- a photosynthetic organism that lives in water. It has Chloroplasts and other organelles and is a unicellular (one celled) organisms made of cells like us- Eukaryotic! (It is a protist)

17. Paramecium- a one celled organism (protist) that swims (it also lives in water) using its cilia. It eats other organisms to survive.

18. Contractile vacuole- organelle in protists that helps them maintain proper water balance by helping to pump out excess water. They need this since they live in the water.

19. Plasmid- a circular strand of DNA found in bacteria.

20. Golgi body- organelle responsible for packaging substances made or excreted by your cells.