Heredity terms due MONDAY!

 2.ALLELE- a segment of your DNA (or gene)that codes for a trait in your body. You have two alleles for every trait in your body (with one exception- naturally!). 3. Homozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when both parents give the same information (genes) for a trait. For example: both of your parents give you the gene for blonde hair, you have no other choice than to have blonde hair. 4. Heterozygous alleles- this is what we call the genetic situation when your parents give you two different genes for a trait. For example: Your Mom gives you the gene for brown hair and your dad gives you the gene for blonde hair- now your Genome has to decide which proteins to make- ones for brown hair OR ones for blonde hair- who will win? read on to find out! 5. Dominant traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles from a parent is stronger than the allele from the other parent so it's the one you use and, therefore,it's the trait that you have. Brown hair is dominant to blonde hair, therefore, you will have brown hair and you won't even know that you have a secret hidden gene from your other parent! (you can probably figure it out though- either by what your parents look like or what your kids look like) We only use one letter to represent a trait when we are trying to predict what traits a person will have, the Dominant trait determines what the letter will be and it (dominant one) will be uppercase- the recessive trait will use the same letter as the dominant trait, but we show that it is recessive by making it lower case! 6.Recessive traits (or alleles or genes)- This is when one of the alleles you get from a parent is weaker than another. You don't use this gene because you favor the stronger gene. In this way it is a hidden, secret gene, that you may never know you have. Even though you don't use this gene in your body, you do have the potential to give this "recessive" gene to your children and (depending on how the shuffling goes during meiosis) they could end up having that recessive trait. EVER see two brown headed people with a blonde baby- their baby- they both had a recessive allele for blonde hair!!!!!! 7. Co-dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong so they both show up!! This is how you get stripes and spots in fur- neat,hugh? 8. Incompletely dominant alleles- this is when you have heterozygous alleles for a trait (that's two different alleles) and they are equally strong, so they duke it out and decide to compromise- they meet in the middle- you no longer see the original traits but a medium version of each trait- think Pink! As in: Red mixed with White makes PINK! 9. Genotype- this is how we refer to the "letters" or alleles you carry- you always have two- one from mom and one from dad. TT or Tt where "T" is tall (dominant) and "t" is short (recessive). 10. Phenotype- this his how we refer to the visible PHYSICAL features that result from your alleles - "Tall" or "Short". It's what we see and know you have with and/or without knowing what your DNA says. 11.Gregor Mendel- a Monk/ gardener that figured out "genetics" using pea plants. He just cross pollinated pea plants that had different colored flowers and figured out the whole dominant/ recessive trait thing. Genetics that deals with only dominant and recessive traits is even called "MENDELIAN GENETICS". 12. HYBRID- this is how we sometimes refer to the crossing (or breeding) of two different different organisms of the same species. YOU are a hybrid of your parents!!! when we are crossing to test one trait it's refered to as a monohybrid cross ( two traits would be a dihybrid cross) 
13. Purebred- This is the same thing as being homozygous, ( you could be homozygous dominant TT or Homozygous recessive tt and still be considered "purebred")
14.X-linked or sex linked- This refers to traits found on the last pair of chromosomes ( the ones that determine whether you are a girl or a boy). Males only have to have one recessive allele for a trait to show up if it happens to fall in this area (most common x-linked traits are; colorblindness, hemophilia and balding) 15. carrier- This is how we refer to a person who is Heterozygous for a trait, they have a recessive allele for something that they will never get, but they can give that allele to their children who may possibly get the trait. ( Mom of cystic fibrosis child is not sick, but child is because she and her husband were carriers of the trait). 16. Pedigree- a chart that shows who of your ancestors carries a trait. circles are girls, squares are guys and shaded shapes have the trait being charted. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX56bRVBks0jhnCcpe51oCCa2pBgI__vKsQPDaYYojK67uG2Z0i3nDGCZmmFTzxWvsjGsDaNlxgmAzxiTnMEY291ydSlFu6kxOmjfps8wFhQXucVovWJrZN5KdZHf1RhHA0ujLXCrbpZgN/s1600/ftree.gif
17. Karyotype- a picture that shows paired chromosomes- can use it to determine the sex of a person or to check for Down's syndrome or any other trisomy ( 3 chromosomes instead of 2).
18.Intermediate inheritance- another term to describe a trait as being a result of co-dominant alleles or incompletey dominant alleles.
19. Polygenic- when more than one gene contributes to a trait- skin color is a result of the interaction between 7 different genes (which means 14 different alleles!), eye color is the result of 3 different genes.
20. Autosomal inheritance (or autosome)- when an allele is found on any of the 22 chromosomes that don't determine sex, so chromosomes 1 through 22 are autosomes. chromosome 23 is a sex chromosome.
21. Huntington's disease- is a disorder passed down through families in which nerve cells in certain parts of the brain waste away, or degenerate. It is an autosomal dominant disorder located on chromosome 4.
punnet square help:
http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punnett.html practice:http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html overview of genetics:http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&hl=en-GB&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4GGLJ_en-GBUS290US290&q=punnet+square+introduction it's the first link- it's a ppt.

children's book directions

Refer to your rubric for specifics and follow this general information:
1.There should be a main character &/or narrator or multiple characters in the book to tell the story.
2.The content should be related to a topic we have already covered.

3.It should have a Total of 14 pages which includes your front and back cover.

ALL ILLUSTRATIONS SHOULD BE ORIGINAL - YOUR OWN.

Front cover:
Title
picture (middle)
Author ( bottom right)

back cover:
class period, name, topic
due: November  8th 2012
The book should be entertaining!!

for Emily and Morgan :)

10 minute tutorial on cortex and parts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sakaeaNbHVY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
parts of neuron
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYu31Yml0gk&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

overview of all systems! 25 min!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWJ2F4RSSO8&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

cell types, video links

Remember to check my other site for documents and calendar information as well as a repeat of important links!

This is great if you miss any classes this week!
Kahn academy cell types:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hmwvj9X4GNY&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active




cell types video- digital cartoon- but good info
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhVjksQcFFQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Honors Assignment on Enzymes due 9-10-12

This assignment is due on Monday- it will not be accepted late- NO EXCUSES.

Don't put it off to the last minute- you need to make sure your home computer can run the simulation or use the school computers after school!

Go to:   http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com/portal/

sign in as a student,  here is your login:   spoint

once logged in you can put the number 1 in the quick launch box. It has a green go button next to it and QL# in the box. just put the 1 in the box, click the go tab and it will take you to the assignment.  

It's called :VLab: Enzymes 

Investigate how changes in pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and regulators affect an enzyme and its activity

You will need to print off the data and observation sheets as well as the analysis and conclusion sheets.

You must answer all questions and complete all data tables and graphs.

It may look like a lot at first, but if you go step by step you'll see that you are mostly just writing down exactly what you see in the simulation and the tutorial. It is not difficult,  everything goes in order.

I will stay after school Tuesday and Thursday in the computer lab if you would like to stay and use the school computers to complete the assignment.

NEW WEB PAGE WITH DOCUMENTS

Hey, I created a new site where I can upload documents and share a calendar. If you are wondering about what's coming up or you need a handout because you were absent go to this site.
I will soon be transferring everything to this one site!

https://sites.google.com/a/gaston.k12.nc.us/bradley-s-biology/

Have a safe weekend!

Organic Compound terms

Enzyme link for worksheet we did in class today:

http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

Boseman  clip on "molecules of life"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWf2jcznLsY&feature=plcp&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

window panes for Organic compounds:

1. Carbohydrate- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms whose primary job is to provide a quick source of energy to the organisms that consume it.

2. Lipid- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It has two main purposes in organisms: provide storage for energy and build membranes ( thin covering around all of your cells).

3. Protein- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur atoms. The main jobs of proteins are: to build tissue in the body, to make up hormones and to build enzymes.

4. Nucleic acids- organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. The main job of these compounds is to carry our genetic code which determines everything that is made in our bodies. Examples are DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA ( ribonucleic acid)

5.Hormone- a chemical signal (made out of proteins) that travels through our bloodstream and lets other parts of our body know how to grow or what to make. (ex. progesterone- a hormone that is active in pregnant women and helps to prepare the mom's body to hold and care for a baby).

6. Enzyme- a type of protein that is responsible for helping to speed up chemical reactions in our body. In chemistry, or in reactions outside of our body, this is called a catalyst.

7. monosaccharide- a simple sugar (carbohydrate), this is a sugar composed of only one molecule- glucose is a monsaccharide. (mono=one)

8. polysaccharide- a type of sugar made up of a long chain of single sugars. (poly = many)

9. cellulose- a type of sugar found only in plants, it helps to build outer coverings of vegetation ( the yellow shell of each little piece of corn is made of this). we can not digest cellulose.

10. Starch- a complex carbohydrate made up a really long chain of glucose molecules. This is the form that plants store their sugar in.

11.Insulin- a hormone made in the pancreas that helps break down sugar in the body.

12.Hemoglobin- a protein that makes up your blood, it carries iron and oxygen ( you can normally carry 4 molecules of oxygen on each cell).

13. Glycogen- the stored form of glucose, it is stored in our liver.

14.monomer- a molecule that exists by itself - only one molecule of something = glucose

15. polymer- a molecule that exists as a long chain of monomers connected by bonds= starch

16. Organic compounds- compounds that have the element carbon as the central/ essential connection.

17. atom- smallest unit of an element.

18. nucleotide- smallest functional unit (or piece) of a nucleic acid. It consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base.

19. double helix- the shape of a DNA molecule, it resembles a twisted ladder.

20. single helix- the shape of a RNA molecule, it resembles half of a twisted ladder.