use these sites to help with cell division : mitosis and meiosis
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide.html
go here and then click on "what is mitosis and meiosis?"
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/oldtour.html
Transcription and translation help: ( for later)
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/
Next word list: #6 (20 terms)
WORD LIST- for DNA and mitosis1. Complementary base pairs- The nucleotides that fit together to form the DNA double helix, adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine . Here is a visual, if the original strand of DNA has the following bases: A T C G A T T C G A T (ORIGINAL OR TEMPLATE)Then the complimentary bases would be: T A G C T A A G C T A (COMPLIMENT TO THE ORIGINAL) 2. Replication- the process of copying the original strand of DNA to form a new, IDENTICAL, strand of DNA so that when the cell divides the daughter cells have the same exact genetic information as the parent cell.3. Mutation- any change in someone’s strand of DNA, it could be a few letters (bases) or just one base.4. Protein synthesis- using a cells DNA to code for and then make a specific protein needed by the cell, three types of RNA are needed to do this.5. Trait- a physical characteristic or feature of a person (ex; brown hair, tall, diabetic, blue eyes)6. Genes- the segments of a person’s DNA that code for a certain trait. 7. Transcription- when mRNA copies a segment of DNA in order to take the message out of the nucleus and to a ribosome. It must be written in the RNA’s language which uses Uracil in place of thymine for a nitrogen base. The uracil still pairs up with Adenine.8. mRNA- messenger RNA is the RNA responsible for sneaking into the nucleus of a cell and copying off a certain piece of DNA and then carrying that piece of the code out to a ribosome. 9. Codon- three letters of a mRNA strand that determine which amino acid is to be made by a ribosome.10. Translation- when the code made by the mRNA gets turned into an amino acid in a ribosome.11. rRNA- is ribosomal RNA, it’s what makes up the ribosome and turns a codon into an amino acid.12. tRNA- is the type of RNA that puts all of the amino acids in the correct order to form the proper protein. It has a complimentary RNA code for the newly produced amino acid to hook on to.13. Polypeptide bond- it’s what connects one amino acid to another to make a complete protein.14. Non-disjunction- When the chromosomes are not pulled apart evenly during anaphase of meiosis. This is what leads to Down’s syndrome (aka: trisomy 21 which means three of the 21st chromosome).15. Chromosome- a condensed segment of DNA, humans have 46 chromosomes in every cell in their body,(except egg and sperm)16. Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome- the whole X represents two sister chromatids!17. Mitosis- the process of forming two new, genetically identical cells (skin, liver, hair, muscle, blood, etc. all of these cells are referred to as being 2N= the whole chromosome number, one set from Mom and one set from Dad)18. Meiosis – the process of forming 4 new, GENETICALLY DIFFERENT cells with half the genetic material of the original cell. These cells only have 23 chromosomes (they are called 1N)19. Zygote- forms when the egg and the sperm unite and make the first cell of a new organism.20. Allele- a choice for a trait, you have two alleles for every trait in your body, one from mom and one from dad.
