Word list 5 for Biology
1.Solute- any substance dissolved by a solvent.
2.Solvent- the substance used to dissolve a solute. (an easy distinction between solute and solvent is that there is always more of a solvent than a solute in any solution).
3.Solution- the mixture of a solute and a solvent; in salt water , salt is the solute and water is the solvent. *** WATER is known as the “Universal Solvent” for its ability to dissolve many substances.
The following terms relate to a cell ( a cell in your body) and the fluid it is floating in:
4.Osmosis- the movement of water from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration ACROSS a semi-permeable (some things can pass through and other things can’t/ kind of like a strainer in your kitchen) membrane (thin covering).
5.Isotonic solution- a solution that has the same amount of solute in it as the cell it surrounds - this results in NO overall or net movement of water (cell stays the same size).
6.Hypertonic solution- a solution that has more solute in it than the cell it surrounds- this results in water moving out of the cell and into the solution ( the cell shrinks).
7.Hypotonic solution- a solution that has less solute in it than the cell it surrounds- this results in water moving into the cell ( the cell swells).
8. Passive transport- the movement of a substance across the cell membrane (diffusion) that does not require any energy.
9. Active transport- the movement of a substance across the cell membrane-it REQUIRES ENERGY!
10. Facilitated diffusion /transport- the movement of a substance across a cell membrane with the assistance of a protein channel (door).
