window panes for Organic compounds:
1. Carbohydrate- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms whose primary job is to provide a quick source of energy to the organisms that consume it.
2. Lipid- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It has two main purposes in organisms: provide storage for energy and build membranes ( thin covering around all of your cells).
3. Protein- organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur atoms. The main jobs of proteins are: to build tissue in the body, to make up hormones and to build enzymes.
4. Nucleic acids- organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. The main job of these compounds is to carry our genetic code which determines everything that is made in our bodies. Examples are DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA ( ribonucleic acid)
5.Hormone- a chemical signal (made out of proteins) that travels through our bloodstream and lets other parts of our body know how to grow or what to make. (ex. progesterone- a hormone that is active in pregnant women and helps to prepare the mom's body to hold and care for a baby).
6. Enzyme- a type of protein that is responsible for helping to speed up chemical reactions in our body. In chemistry, or in reactions outside of our body, this is called a catalyst.
7. monosaccharide- a simple sugar (carbohydrate), this is a sugar composed of only one molecule- glucose is a monsaccharide. (mono=one)
8. polysaccharide- a type of sugar made up of a long chain of single sugars. (poly = many)
9. cellulose- a type of sugar found only in plants, it helps to build outer coverings of vegetation ( the yellow shell of each little piece of corn is made of this). we can not digest cellulose.
10. Starch- a complex carbohydrate made up a really long chain of glucose molecules. This is the form that plants store their sugar in.
11.Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that helps break down sugar in the body.
12.Hemoglobin- a protein that makes up your blood, it carries iron and oxygen ( you can normally carry 4 molecules of oxygen on each cell).
13. Glycogen- the stored form of glucose, it is stored in our liver.
14.monomer- a molecule that exists by itself - only one molecule of something = glucose
15. polymer- a molecule that exists as a long chain of monomers connected by bonds= starch
16. Organic compounds- compounds that have the element carbon as the central/ essential connection.
17. atom- smallest unit of an element.
18. nucleotide- smalles functional unit (or piece) of a nucleic acid. It consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base.
19. double helix- the shape of a DNA molecule, it resembles a twisted ladder.
20. single helix- the shape of a RNA molecule, it resembles half of a twisted ladder.
